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Although many authors have projected the Middle Chinese palatal medial -j-back to a medial *-j-in Old Chinese, others have suggested that the Middle Chinese medial was a secondary development not present in Old Chinese. Evidence includes the use of type B syllables to transcribe foreign words lacking any such medial, the lack of the medial in ...
Historical Chinese phonology deals with reconstructing the sounds of Chinese from the past. As Chinese is written with logographic characters, not alphabetic or syllabary, the methods employed in Historical Chinese phonology differ considerably from those employed in, for example, Indo-European linguistics; reconstruction is more difficult because, unlike Indo-European languages, no phonetic ...
予 *ljaʔ I 惟 *wjij BE 小 *sjewʔ small 子 *tsjəʔ child 予 惟 小 子 *ljaʔ *wjij *sjewʔ *tsjəʔ I BE small child 'I am a young person.' ("Great Announcement", Book of Documents) The negated copula *pjə-wjij 不 惟 is attested in oracle bone inscriptions, and later fused as *pjəj 非. In the Classical period, nominal predicates were constructed with the sentence-final particle ...
The Old National Pronunciation (traditional Chinese: 老國音; simplified Chinese: 老国音; pinyin: lǎo guóyīn) was the system established for the phonology of standard Chinese as decided by the Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation from 1913 onwards, and published in the 1919 edition of the Guóyīn Zìdiǎn (國音字典, "Dictionary of National Pronunciation").
some English phoneticians and phonologists use acute and grave accents as primary and secondary stress symbols. Some linguists [14] use the circumflex as weakened primary stress in compound words and the breve as no stress. these symbols are also written on the English spellings not just other IPA symbols. ̩, ̍: Vertical line below or above ...
The major sources for the sounds of Old Chinese, covering most of the lexicon, are the sound system of Middle Chinese (7th century AD), the structure of Chinese characters, and the rhyming patterns of the Classic of Poetry (Shijing), dating from the early part of the 1st millennium BC. [1]
The tonal aspect of Chinese dialects that is so important today is believed by some linguists to have been absent from Old Chinese, but rather came about in Early Middle Chinese after the loss of various finals. According to Sagart (1999:11), [7] "Old Chinese was a toneless language.
Chinese phonology is covered by the following articles: Concerning modern Chinese: Standard Chinese phonology; Cantonese phonology; For the phonology of other varieties of Chinese, see the articles on the particular varieties; For an overview, see Varieties of Chinese → Phonology; Concerning pre-modern Chinese: Historical Chinese phonology