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  2. Level shifter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_shifter

    Fixed function level shifter ICs - These ICs provide several different types of level shift in fixed function devices. Often lumped into 2-bit, 4-bit, or 8-bit level shift configurations offered with various VDD1 and VDD2 ranges, these devices translate logic levels without any additional integrated logic or timing adjustment.

  3. Switch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch

    Switches can be designed to respond to any type of mechanical stimulus: for example, vibration (the trembler switch), tilt, air pressure, fluid level (a float switch), the turning of a key , linear or rotary movement (a limit switch or microswitch), or presence of a magnetic field (the reed switch). Many switches are operated automatically by ...

  4. Logic level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_level

    A level shifter connects one digital circuit that uses one logic level to another digital circuit that uses another logic level. Often two level shifters are used, one at each system: A line driver converts from internal logic levels to standard interface line levels; a line receiver converts from interface levels to internal voltage levels.

  5. Schmitt trigger - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmitt_trigger

    When the signal reaches a given level it switches from its low to high state. Level detection: The Schmitt trigger circuit is able to provide level detection. When undertaking this application, it is necessary that the hysteresis voltage is taken into account so that the circuit switches on the required voltage.

  6. ANSI device numbers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_device_numbers

    The device numbers are enumerated in ANSI/IEEE Standard C37.2 Standard for Electrical Power System Device Function Numbers, Acronyms, and Contact Designations. Many of these devices protect electrical systems and individual system components from damage when an unwanted event occurs such as an electrical fault .

  7. Logic gate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_gate

    The mutual goal of IEEE Std 91-1984 and IEC 617-12 was to provide a uniform method of describing the complex logic functions of digital circuits with schematic symbols. These functions were more complex than simple AND and OR gates. They could be medium-scale circuits such as a 4-bit counter to a large-scale circuit such as a microprocessor.

  8. Flip-flop (electronics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip-flop_(electronics)

    In addition, the two gate levels of the Earle latch can, in some cases, be merged with the last two gate levels of the circuits driving the latch because many common computational circuits have an OR layer followed by an AND layer as their last two levels. Merging the latch function can implement the latch with no additional gate delays. [18]

  9. Ladder logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladder_logic

    The above realizes the function: Door motor = Key switch 1 AND Key switch 2 This circuit shows two key switches that security guards might use to activate an electric motor on a bank vault door. When the normally open contacts of both switches close, electricity is able to flow to the motor which opens the door.