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Visual schedules use a series of pictures to communicate a series of activities or the steps of a specific activity. [1] [2] They are often used to help children understand and manage the daily events in their lives. [3] They can be created using pictures, photographs, or written words, depending upon the ability of the child.
Example of basic PECS communication board. The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is an augmentative and alternative communication system developed and produced by Pyramid Educational Consultants, Inc. [1] PECS was developed in 1985 at the Delaware Autism Program by Andy Bondy, PhD, and Lori Frost, MS, CCC-SLP. [2]
Founded in 1971 by Eric Schopler, TEACCH provides training and services geared to helping autistic children and their families cope with the condition. [ 2 ] [ 17 ] Gary B. Mesibov , a professor and researcher on UNC's TEACCH program since about 1979, was director of the program from 1992 to 2010.
Prompt delivery consists of giving prompts to the autistic children in order to elicit a response to the academic material. Picture schedules are used to outline the progression of a class and are visual cues to allow autistic children to know when changes in the activity are coming up.
These external characteristics may impact language learning opportunities. [103] Most children in this category do not achieve literacy skills beyond that of a typically developing 7–8 year old. [104] Cognitive, language and learning delays contribute to difficulty with literacy development, [93] but environmental factors also play a role.
The schedules for older children became the property of Gesell Institute of Child Development which was established in 1950. In 1964 Dr. Francis Ilg and Dr. Louise Bates Ames , the founders of the Gesell Institute, refined, revised, and collected data on children 5–10 years of age and subsequently in 1965, 1972, and 1979.
ACTFL (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages) is an organization aiming to improve and expand the teaching and learning of all languages at all levels of instruction. ACTFL is an individual membership organization of more than 11,000 language educators and administrators from elementary through graduate education, as well as in ...
Once the child connects with the adult specific techniques are used to challenge and entice the child to move up the developmental ladder. The DIR/Floortime Model calls for 15 hours/week of parent and clinician-conducted intervention, with the parent implementing the method in 20- to 30- minute sessions for 8–12 times per day.