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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 10 January 2025. Inhabited space station in low Earth orbit (1998–present) "ISS" redirects here. For other uses, see ISS (disambiguation). International Space Station (ISS) Oblique underside view in November 2021 International Space Station programme emblem with flags of the original signatory states ...
The International Space Station programme is tied together by a complex set of legal, political and financial agreements between the fifteen nations involved in the project, governing ownership of the various components, rights to crewing and utilisation, and responsibilities for crew rotation and resupply of the International Space Station.
Before the International Space Station was launched into orbit in 1998, the U.S. signed a document with several other countries to agree to the peaceful use of the orbital laboratory. The ...
Data from 1971 to 1991–92 are based on official exchange rates. Data from 1992 to 1993 onward are based on FEDAI (Foreign Exchange Dealers' Association of India) indicative rates. Data from 1971 to 1972–73 for the Deutsche Mark and the Japanese Yen are cross rates with the US Dollar. The Euro replaced the Deutsche Mark w.e.f. January 1, 1999.
While SLIM was expected to operate only for one lunar daylight period, or 14 Earth days, with its on-board electronics not designed to withstand the −120 °C (−184 °F) nighttime temperatures on the Moon, it managed to survive 3 lunar nights, waking up on 25 February, 27 March and 24 April respectively, sending back more data and images.
The process of assembling the International Space Station (ISS) has been under way since the 1990s. Zarya , the first ISS module, was launched by a Proton rocket on 20 November 1998. The STS-88 Space Shuttle mission followed two weeks after Zarya was launched, bringing Unity , the first of three node modules, and connecting it to Zarya .
Mission name Cancellation date Description Status and reason Ref(s) VIPER: 2024 Lunar rover "NASA stated cost increases, delays to the launch date, and the risks of future cost growth as the reasons to stand down on the mission."
Brazil joined the ISS as a partner of the United States and this included a contract with NASA to supply hardware to the Space Station. [35] In return, NASA would provide Brazil with access to NASA ISS facilities on-orbit, as well as a flight opportunity for one Brazilian astronaut during the course of the ISS program.