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Protestant views on Mary include the theological positions of major Protestant representatives such as Martin Luther and John Calvin as well as some modern representatives. . While it is difficult to generalize about the place of Mary, mother of Jesus in Protestantism given the great diversity of Protestant beliefs, some summary statements are attem
Pope Pius XII expressed in his encyclical Munificentissimus Deus the hope that the belief in the bodily assumption of the virgin Mary into heaven "will make our belief in our own resurrection stronger and render it more effective", [4] while the Catechism of the Catholic Church adds: "The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin is a singular ...
Anglican Marian theology is the summation of the doctrines and beliefs of Anglicanism concerning Mary, mother of Jesus.As Anglicans believe that Jesus was both human and God the Son, the second Person of the Trinity, within the Anglican Communion and Continuing Anglican movement, Mary is accorded honour [citation needed] as the theotokos, a Koiné Greek term that means "God-bearer" or "one who ...
The cult of Mary was furthered by Queen Theodora in the 6th century. [284] [285] According to William E. Phipps, in the book Survivals of Roman Religion, [286] "Gordon Laing argues convincingly that the worship of Artemis as both virgin and mother at the grand Ephesian temple contributed to the veneration of Mary." [287]
Before 1516, Luther's belief that Mary is a mediatrix between God and humanity was driven by his fear of Jesus being the implacable judge of all people. [27] "The Virgin Mary remains in the middle between Christ and humankind. For in the very moment he was conceived and lived, he was full of grace.
Jehovah's Witnesses believe that heaven is the dwelling place of Jehovah and his spirit creatures. They believe that only 144,000 chosen faithful followers ("The Anointed") will be resurrected to heaven to rule with Christ over the majority of mankind who will live on Earth. [56]
Lutheran Mariology is informed by the Augsburg Confession and honours Mary as "the most blessed Mother of God, the most blessed Virgin Mary, the Mother of Christ," and "the Queen of Heaven." [ 9 ] [ 8 ] The Smalcald Articles , a confession of faith of the Lutheran Churches , affirm the doctrine of the perpetual virginity of Mary.
Calvin's views on Mary are reflected in the Second Helvetic Confession, written by Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575), pastor and the successor of Huldrych Zwingli in Zurich. Chapter Three quotes the angel's message to the Virgin Mary, “ – the Holy Spirit will come over you “ – as an indication of the existence of the Holy Spirit and the ...