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Injury to the spinal accessory nerve is most commonly caused by medical procedures that involve the head and neck. [4] Injury can cause wasting of the shoulder muscles, winging of the scapula, and weakness of shoulder abduction and external rotation. [5] The accessory nerve is derived from the basal plate of the embryonic spinal segments C1 ...
In the jugular foramen, it receives one or two filaments from the cranial part of the nerve, or else joins it for a short distance and then separates from it again. As it exits from the jugular foramen, it runs backward in front of the internal jugular vein in 66.6% of cases, and behind it in 33% of cases.
Intervertebral foramen, foramina formed between vertebrae; Lesser sciatic foramen, an opening between the pelvis and the posterior thigh; Obturator foramen, the opening created by the ischium and pubis bones of the pelvis; Vertebral foramen, the foramen formed by the anterior segment (the body), and the posterior part, the vertebral arch
Specific to the cervical vertebra is the transverse foramen (also known as foramen transversarium). This is an opening on each of the transverse processes which gives passage to the vertebral artery and vein and a sympathetic nerve plexus. On the cervical vertebrae other than the atlas, the anterior and posterior tubercles are on either side of ...
The costiform is lateral, the mammillary is superior (cranial), and the accessory is inferior (caudal). The mammillary is connected in the lumbar region with the back part of the superior articular process. [clarification needed] The accessory process is situated at the back part of the base of the transverse process. The tallest and thickest ...
The spinal accessory nucleus lies within the cervical spinal cord (C1-C5) in the posterolateral aspect of the anterior horn. The nucleus ambiguus is classically said to provide the "cranial component" of the accessory nerve .
Accessory transverse foramen of the atlas is present in 1.4–12.5% across the population. [7] Foramen arcuale or a bony bridge above the vertebral artery on the posterior arch of the atlas may be present. This foramen has an overall prevalence of 9.1%. [8]
The glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X) and accessory nerve (XI) all leave the skull via the jugular foramen to enter the neck. The glossopharyngeal nerve provides sensation to the upper throat and the back of the tongue, the vagus supplies the muscles in the larynx and continues downward to supply parasympathetic supply to the chest and abdomen ...