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The Pahang Sultanate (Malay: Kesultanan Pahang, Jawi: كسلطانن ڤهڠ ) also referred as the Old Pahang Sultanate, as opposed to the modern Pahang Sultanate, was a Malay Muslim state established in the eastern Malay Peninsula in the 15th century.
The old Pahang kingdom (Malay: Kerajaan Pahang Tua [4]) was a historical Malay polity centred in the Pahang region on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula. The polity appeared in foreign records from as early as the 5th century [ 5 ] and at its height, covered much of modern state of Pahang and the entire southern part of the peninsula. [ 6 ]
Old Kedah: 170–1135: Old Pahang: 449–1454: Srivijaya: ... Sulu Sultanate: 1450–1899: Pahang Sultanate: 1470–1623: ... Map of early sea trade route (in red ...
Pahang's traditional political and social structure was largely modelled on that of Malacca. Between 1864 and 1888, a sophisticated hierarchy existed in Pahang, with the raja bendahara at the top. Below him were the offices of orang besar berempat ('four nobles'), that trace their origins from the time of the old Pahang Sultanate.
The Old Pahang Sultanate centred in modern-day Pekan was established in the 15th century. At the height of its influence, the sultanate controlled the entire Pahang basin. [123] The sultanate had its origins as a vassal to the Malaccan Sultanate.
In the 5th century, the Old Pahang Kingdom sent envoys to the Liu Song court. During the time of Langkasuka, Srivijaya and Ligor, Pahang was one of the outlying dependencies. In the 15th century, the Pahang Sultanate became an autonomous kingdom within the Malacca Sultanate.
With the decline of Johor from the late 18th century, and the involvement of foreign powers, the Bendahara consolidated their power in Pahang and became increasingly independent. During the reign of Tun Abdul Majid , a semi-independent state Pahang Kingdom was established with Bendahara acquiring similar status as a Raja ('king'). [ 7 ]
The modern royal house of Pahang is a branch of the royal family of Johor. They held the title of Bendahara. In 1853, the Bendahara, Tun Muhammad Tahir, broke away from the Johor sultan and declared the state of Pahang independent. He was later deposed by his brother Ahmad, who declared himself Sultan in 1884. [citation needed]