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The main poverty line used in the OECD and the European Union is a relative poverty measure based on 60% of the median household income. The United States uses a poverty measure based on pre-tax income and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's "economy food plan" by which 11% of Americans are living in poverty, but this is disputed.
The Foster–Greer–Thorbecke indices are a family of poverty metrics.The most commonly used index from the family, FGT 2, puts higher weight on the poverty of the poorest individuals, making it a combined measure of poverty and income inequality and a popular choice within development economics.
The depth of poverty is the average 'gap' (G) between the level of deprivation poor people experience and the poverty cut-off line. M1 = H x A x G. Adjusted Squared Poverty Gap (M2): This measure reflects the incidence, intensity, and depth of poverty, as well as inequality among the poor (captured by the squared gap, S). M2 = H x A x S.
The total increase needed to eliminate poverty is US$250 million—$25 multiplied by 10 million individuals. The poverty gap index is an important measure beyond the commonly used headcount ratio. Two regions may have a similar head count ratio, but distinctly different poverty gap indices. A higher poverty gap index means that poverty is more ...
For example, the poverty head count ratio at national poverty line (percentage of population) in India was last reported at 21.9% in 2011. [3] In July 2012, The New York Times reported the poverty head count ratio as 11.1% of the population of the United States in 1973, 15.2% in 1983 and 11.3% in 2000.
[10] According to World Bank, "Poverty headcount ratio at a defined value a day is the percentage of the population living on less than that value a day at 2017 purchasing power adjusted prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions."
Relative poverty measurements, unlike absolute poverty measurements, take the social economic environment of the people observed into consideration. It is based on the assumption that whether a person is considered poor depends on her/his income share relative to the income shares of other people who are living in the same economy. [29]
The Supplemental Poverty Measure, introduced in 2011, aims at providing a more accurate picture of the true extent of poverty in the United States by taking account of non-cash benefits and geographic variations. [64] According to this new measure, 16% of Americans lived in poverty in 2011, compared with the official figure of 15.2%.