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The main indication for testing for lupus anticoagulant is a suspected antiphospholipid syndrome, whose main manifestations are blood clots in both arteries and veins as well as pregnancy-related complications such as miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm delivery, and severe preeclampsia.
Russell's viper, Daboia russelii Dilute Russell's viper venom time (dRVVT) is a laboratory test often used for detection of lupus anticoagulant (LA). It is an assessment of the time for blood to clot in the presence of a diluted amount of venom from Russell's viper (Daboia russelii), a highly venomous snake native to the Indian subcontinent and named after the herpetologist Patrick Russell.
Kaolin clotting time (KCT) is a sensitive test to detect lupus anticoagulants. [2] There is evidence that suggests it is the most sensitive test for detecting lupus anticoagulants. [3] It can also detect factor VIII inhibitors but is sensitive to unfractionated heparin as well. [4]
[1]: 212 This test can be helpful in distinguishing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) from cutaneous lupus, because in SLE the lupus band test will be positive in both involved and uninvolved skin, whereas with cutaneous lupus only the involved skin will be positive. [1]: 212 The minimum criteria for positivity are: [2]
The LE cell test is rarely performed as a definitive lupus test today as LE cells do not always occur in people with SLE and can occur in individuals with other autoimmune diseases. Their presence can help establish a diagnosis but no longer indicates a definitive SLE diagnosis. The discovery of the LE cell led to further research and this ...
Ninety-six percent of patients with lupus induced by procainamide will have a positive test for anti-histone antibodies, and 100% of patients whose lupus was induced by penicillamine, isoniazid, or methyldopa will have a positive test for anti-histone antibodies. In 70% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Felty's syndrome, Sjogren's syndrome ...
Mixing studies are tests performed on blood plasma of patients or test subjects to distinguish factor deficiencies from factor inhibitors, such as lupus anticoagulant, or specific factor inhibitors, such as antibodies directed against factor VIII. [1] Mixing studies are screening tests widely performed in coagulation laboratories.
Blood tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence are routinely performed to detect anti-dsDNA antibodies in diagnostic laboratories. They are highly diagnostic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and are implicated in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. [1] [2]
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