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The shape of a surfactant molecule can be described by its surfactant packing parameter, (Israelachvili, 1976). [9] The packing parameter takes into account the volume of the hydrophobic chain ( V c {\displaystyle V_{c}} ), the equilibrium area per molecule at the aggregate interface ( a e {\displaystyle a_{e}} ), and the length of the ...
Most surfactants are organic compounds with hydrophilic "heads" and hydrophobic "tails." The "heads" of surfactants are polar and may or may not carry an electrical charge. The "tails" of most surfactants are fairly similar, consisting of a hydrocarbon chain, which can be branched, linear, or aromatic. Fluorosurfactants have fluorocarbon chains.
Surfactants are usually composed of a hydrocarbon chain and a polar head group. Increasing the length of the hydrocarbon chain increases the Krafft temperature because it improves Van der Waals forces. Moreover, since Krafft point is related to solid-liquid transition, better-packed polar heads within surfactant crystals increase Krafft ...
The shape and size of a micelle are a function of the molecular geometry of its surfactant molecules and solution conditions such as surfactant concentration, temperature, pH, and ionic strength. The process of forming micelles is known as micellisation and forms part of the phase behaviour of many lipids according to their polymorphism .
Hydrocarbon-based surfactants are an example group of amphiphilic compounds. Their polar region can be either ionic, or non-ionic. Some typical members of this group are: sodium dodecyl sulfate , benzalkonium chloride , cocamidopropyl betaine (zwitterionic), and 1-octanol (long-chain alcohol, non-ionic). [citation needed]
Like synthetic surfactants, they are composed of a hydrophilic moiety made up of amino acids, peptides, (poly)saccharides, or sugar alcohols and a hydrophobic moiety consisting of fatty acids. Correspondingly, the significant classes of biosurfactants include glycolipids , lipopeptides and lipoproteins, and polymeric surfactants as well as ...
Ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) is the INCI name and common name for ammonium dodecyl sulfate (CH 3 (CH 2) 10 CH 2 OSO 3 NH 4).The anion consists of a nonpolar hydrocarbon chain and a polar sulfate end group.
4 O) n) is a nonionic surfactant that has a hydrophilic polyethylene oxide chain (on average it has 9.5 ethylene oxide units) and an aromatic hydrocarbon lipophilic or hydrophobic group. The hydrocarbon group is a 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl group.