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Formic acid-based fuel cells represent a promising energy supply system in terms of high volumetric energy density, theoretical energy efficiency, and theoretical open-circuit voltage. They are also able to overcome certain problems inherent to traditional hydrogen (H 2 ) feed fuel cells such as safe handling, storage, and H 2 transportation.
CO2RR can produce diverse compounds including formate (HCOO −), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH 4), ethylene (C 2 H 4), and ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH). [2] The main challenges are the relatively high cost of electricity (vs petroleum) and that CO 2 is often contaminated with O 2 and must be purified before reduction.
Formic acid can be used directly in formic acid fuel cells or indirectly in hydrogen fuel cells. [39] [40] Electrolytic conversion of electrical energy to chemical fuel has been proposed as a large-scale source of formate by various groups. [41] The formate could be used as feed to modified E. coli bacteria for producing biomass.
Paul Sabatier (1854-1941) winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1912 and discoverer of the reaction in 1897. The Sabatier reaction or Sabatier process produces methane and water from a reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures (optimally 300–400 °C) and pressures (perhaps 3 MPa [1]) in the presence of a nickel catalyst.
Methanation is the conversion of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide (CO x) to methane (CH 4) through hydrogenation. The methanation reactions of CO x were first discovered by Sabatier and Senderens in 1902. [1] CO x methanation has many practical applications.
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Some methanogenic organisms convert formate into hydrogen and bicarbonate, providing hydrogen for other methanogens. Formate can be assimilated by formatotrophs in syntrophic associations with methanogens present during oxidation of formate; otherwise, formate oxidation would not be energetically sufficient to support growth and is ...
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