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  2. Quenya - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quenya

    The Elvish languages are a family of several related languages and dialects. The following is a brief overview of the fictional internal history of late Quenya as conceived by Tolkien. Tolkien imagined an Elvish society with a vernacular language for every-day use, Tarquesta, and a more educated language for use in ceremonies and lore ...

  3. Elvish languages of Middle-earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvish_languages_of_Middle...

    "snake", a name leuka, Makalaure: High language, "Elven-Latin" 1) "Used for ceremony, and for high matters of lore and song" 2) Spelling system is Latin-like Cultural parallels of Quenya and Latin: ancient language, now in learned use Latin "fountain", "state" fontana, civitat: Sindarin changed more than Quenya from ancient Eldarin lŷg, Maglor

  4. Tengwar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tengwar

    The plural of tengwa is Tengwar, and this is the name by which Fëanor's writing system became known. Since, however, in commonly used modes, an individual tengwa was equivalent to a consonant, the term tengwa in the fiction became equivalent to "consonant sign", and the vowel signs were known as ómatehtar .

  5. Sindarin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindarin

    Even before that the Eldar Elves spoke the original speech of all Elves, or Primitive Quendian. In the Third Age (the setting of The Lord of the Rings), Sindarin was the language most commonly spoken by most Elves in the Western part of Middle-earth. Sindarin is the language usually referred to as the Elf-Tongue or Elven-Tongue in The Lord of ...

  6. Celtic influences on Tolkien - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_influences_on_Tolkien

    "snake", a name leuka, Makalaure: High language, "Elven-Latin" 1) "Used for ceremony, and for high matters of lore and song" 2) Spelling system is Latin-like Cultural parallels of Quenya and Latin: ancient language, now in learned use Latin "fountain", "state" fontana, civitat: Sindarin changed more than Quenya from ancient Eldarin lŷg, Maglor

  7. Khuzdul - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuzdul

    Khuzdul proper names analysed by Helge Fauskanger [1] Khuzdul names Translation Khuzdul names Translation Azaghâl: A lord of the Belegost Dwarves in The Silmarillion, ch. 20: Mahal: Aulë, known to the dwarves as the Maker. Azanulbizar 'Dimrill Dale' lit: "Shadows of streams/rills" or "Dark stream dale". Mîm: A Petty-Dwarf, possibly an 'inner ...

  8. Sound and language in Middle-earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_and_language_in...

    A specific form of direct association of word and meaning is the true name, the ancient belief that there is a name for a thing or a being that is congruent with it; knowledge of a true name might give one power over that thing or being. [18] Tolkien hints at true names in a few places in his Middle-earth writings.

  9. List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Latin_and_Greek...

    The binomial name often reflects limited knowledge or hearsay about a species at the time it was named. For instance Pan troglodytes, the chimpanzee, and Troglodytes troglodytes, the wren, are not necessarily cave-dwellers. Sometimes a genus name or specific descriptor is simply the Latin or Greek name for the animal (e.g. Canis is Latin for ...