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In the asymptotic setting, a family of deterministic polynomial time computable functions : {,} {,} for some polynomial p, is a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG, or PRG in some references), if it stretches the length of its input (() > for any k), and if its output is computationally indistinguishable from true randomness, i.e. for any probabilistic polynomial time algorithm A, which ...
The problems associated with magic 'numbers' described above are not limited to numerical types and the term is also applied to other data types where declaring a named constant would be more flexible and communicative. [1] Thus, declaring const string testUserName = "John" is better than several occurrences of the 'magic value' "John" in a ...
The term Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) is also used, mostly in Microsoft systems. [1] [2] When generated according to the standard methods, UUIDs are, for practical purposes, unique. Their uniqueness does not depend on a central registration authority or coordination between the parties generating them, unlike most other numbering schemes.
In cryptography, a salt is random data fed as an additional input to a one-way function that hashes data, a password or passphrase. [1] Salting helps defend against attacks that use precomputed tables (e.g. rainbow tables), by vastly growing the size of table needed for a successful attack.
Non-random data is harmless, because only a privileged user can issue the ioctl needed to increase the entropy estimate. [ dubious – discuss ] The current amount of entropy and the size of the Linux kernel entropy pool, both measured in bits, are available in /proc/sys/kernel/random/ and can be displayed by the command cat /proc/sys/kernel ...
A random password generator is a software program or hardware device that takes input from a random or pseudo-random number generator and automatically generates a password. Random passwords can be generated manually, using simple sources of randomness such as dice or coins , or they can be generated using a computer.
It can be shown that if is a pseudo-random number generator for the uniform distribution on (,) and if is the CDF of some given probability distribution , then is a pseudo-random number generator for , where : (,) is the percentile of , i.e. ():= {: ()}. Intuitively, an arbitrary distribution can be simulated from a simulation of the standard ...
A unique random number was assigned to represent each type of piece (six each for black and white) on each space of the board. Thus a table of 64×12 such numbers is initialized at the start of the program. The random numbers could be any length, but 64 bits was natural due to the 64 squares on the board.