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In the 1990s, Ekman proposed an expanded list of basic emotions, including a range of positive and negative emotions that are not all encoded in facial muscles. [38] The newly included emotions are: amusement , contempt , contentment , embarrassment , excitement, guilt , pride in achievement, relief , satisfaction, sensory pleasure, and shame.
Social emotions are emotions that depend upon the thoughts, feelings or actions of other people, "as experienced, recalled, anticipated or imagined at first hand". [1] [2] Examples are embarrassment, guilt, shame, jealousy, envy, coolness, elevation, empathy, and pride. [3]
The book depicts children feeling various emotions. [2] Each page has several small pictures, sometimes as many as twenty a page, to describe the emotions visually. [3] Some illustrations are captioned. [1] Two birds comment on the feelings depicted on each page. [2] [4]
Affect, in psychology, is the underlying experience of feeling, emotion, attachment, or mood. [1] It encompasses a wide range of emotional states and can be positive ...
Feeling: not all feelings include emotion, such as the feeling of knowing. In the context of emotion, feelings are best understood as a subjective representation of emotions, private to the individual experiencing them. Emotions are often described as the raw, instinctive responses, while feelings involve our interpretation and awareness of ...
Children are thus socialized to regulate emotions in line with cultural values. Further research has assessed the use of storybooks as a tool with which children can be socialized to the emotional values of their culture. [55] Taiwanese values promote ideal affect as a calm happiness, where American ideal affect is excited happiness. [55]
For example, children may understand that upon receiving a gift they should display a smile, irrespective of their actual feelings about the gift. [79] During childhood, there is also a trend towards the use of more cognitive emotion regulation strategies, taking the place of more basic distraction, approach, and avoidance tactics.
The child may also develop negative behaviors as they learn to take initiative. These negative behaviors, such as throwing objects, hitting, or yelling, can be a result of the child feeling frustrated after not being able to achieve a goal as planned. Preschoolers are increasingly able to accomplish tasks on their own and can explore new areas.