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ext4 (fourth extended filesystem) is a journaling file system for Linux, developed as the successor to ext3.. ext4 was initially a series of backward-compatible extensions to ext3, many of them originally developed by Cluster File Systems for the Lustre file system between 2003 and 2006, meant to extend storage limits and add other performance improvements. [4]
JBD2 was forked from JBD in 2006 with ext4, with the goal of supporting a 64-bit (as opposed to 32-bit-only in JBD) block number. As a result, the maximum volume size in ext4 is increased to 1 EiB compared to 16 TiB in ext3 (assuming 4 KiB blocks). [4] JBD2 is backward-compatible. OCFS2 starting from Linux 2.6.28 uses JBD2. [5]
A logical journal stores only changes to file metadata in the journal, and trades fault tolerance for substantially better write performance. [9] A file system with a logical journal still recovers quickly after a crash, but may allow unjournaled file data and journaled metadata to fall out of sync with each other, causing data corruption.
While storage devices usually have their size expressed in powers of 10 (for instance a 1 TB Solid State Drive will contain at least 1,000,000,000,000 (10 12, 1000 4) bytes), filesystem limits are invariably powers of 2, so usually expressed with IEC prefixes.
ext3, or third extended filesystem, is a journaled file system that is commonly used with the Linux kernel.It used to be the default file system for many popular Linux distributions but generally has been supplanted by its successor version ext4. [3]
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[4] [2] It was the first implementation that used the virtual file system (VFS), for which support was added in the Linux kernel in version 0.96c, and it could handle file systems up to 2 gigabytes (GB) in size. [2] ext was the first in the series of extended file systems.
US stocks ended Friday in the red, closing out a lackluster week despite a year of historic highs.. The Dow was lower by 333 points, or 0.78%, after the closing bell.