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Each treaty delineates a tract of land which was thought to be the traditional territory of the First Nations signing that particular treaty. [12] For Canada it was a necessary step before settlement and development could occur further westward.
The boundary between Treaty 8 and Treaty 11 is ambiguous. The Yellowknives Dene First Nation is a signatory to Treaty 8, but according to the text of the treaties the Yellowknife Nation's territory, known as Chief Drygeese Territory, is within Treaty 11.
The Queen, [29] meaning that the "honour of the Crown" is at stake in dealings between it and First Nations leaders. [11] [30] The Crown's governmental representatives must thus act with good faith in matters relating to Indigenous peoples, predominantly via a duty to consult and accommodate whenever Indigenous peoples' rights and interests ...
First Nation communities can start the specific claims process by submitting a claim to the Government of Canada. These claims must meet the minimum standards for specific claims submissions as set out by the Department of Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs , or they are immediately rejected and must be filed again.
Justice William Morrow, the only sitting judge of that court at the time, held a six-week hearing process to establish whether signatories of Treaty 8 and Treaty 11 had fully understood the meaning of the treaties they had signed in 1900 and 1921 respectively.
The Royal Proclamation of 1763 accelerated the treaty-making process and provided the Crown with access to large amounts of land occupied by the First Nations. [56] The Crown and 364 First Nations signed 70 treaties that are recognized by the Government of Canada and represent over 600,000 First Nation individuals. [56] The treaties are as follows:
Collectively, First Nations (Indians), [5] Inuit, [11] and Métis [12] peoples constitute Indigenous peoples in Canada, Indigenous peoples of the Americas, or "first peoples". [13] First Nation as a term became officially used by the government beginning in 1980s to replace the term Indian band in referring to groups of Indians with common ...
More than half of First Nations people (55. 5%) lived in Western Canada as of 2021. Ontario had the highest number of First Nations people, with 251,030 (about 23.9%) of the total First Nations population. Approximately 11.1% of First Nations people lived in Quebec, with 7.6% in Atlantic Canada and 1.9% in the territories. [185]