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Liu Hui (c. 3rd century) established rules for adding and subtracting negative numbers. [4] By the 7th century, Indian mathematicians such as Brahmagupta were describing the use of negative numbers. Islamic mathematicians further developed the rules of subtracting and multiplying negative numbers and solved problems with negative coefficients. [5]
Order of operations. In mathematics and computer programming, the order of operations is a collection of rules that reflect conventions about which operations to perform first in order to evaluate a given mathematical expression. These rules are formalized with a ranking of the operations. The rank of an operation is called its precedence, and ...
While primarily associated with natural numbers in arithmetic, subtraction can also represent removing or decreasing physical and abstract quantities using different kinds of objects including negative numbers, fractions, irrational numbers, vectors, decimals, functions, and matrices. [2] In a sense, subtraction is the inverse of addition.
Subtraction is often treated as a special case of addition: instead of subtracting a positive number, it is also possible to add a negative number. For instance = + (). This helps to simplify mathematical computations by reducing the number of basic arithmetic operations needed to perform calculations. [48]
The plus sign (+) and the minus sign (−) are mathematical symbols used to denote positive and negative functions, respectively. In addition, + represents the operation of addition, which results in a sum, while − represents subtraction, resulting in a difference. [1] Their use has been extended to many other meanings, more or less analogous.
Addition is a mathematical operation that combines two or more numbers (called addends or summands) to produce a combined number (called the sum). The addition of two numbers is expressed with the plus sign (+). [6] It is performed according to these rules: The order in which the addends are added does not affect the sum.
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