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Half-space (geometry) In geometry, a half-space is either of the two parts into which a plane divides the three-dimensional Euclidean space. If the space is two-dimensional, then a half-space is called a half-plane (open or closed). A half-space in a one-dimensional space is called a half-line or ray. More generally, a half-space is either of ...
Slab (geometry) In geometry, a slab is a region between two parallel lines in the Euclidean plane, [1] or between two parallel planes in three-dimensional Euclidean space or between two hyperplanes in higher dimensions. [2]
Constant term. In mathematics, a constant term (sometimes referred to as a free term) is a term in an algebraic expression that does not contain any variables and therefore is constant. For example, in the quadratic polynomial, The number 3 is a constant term. [1]
where E is the expected value operator. Notably, correlation is dimensionless while covariance is in units obtained by multiplying the units of the two variables. If Y always takes on the same values as X, we have the covariance of a variable with itself (i.e. ), which is called the variance and is more commonly denoted as the square of the ...
e. In mathematics, a Cauchy (French: [koʃi]) boundary condition augments an ordinary differential equation or a partial differential equation with conditions that the solution must satisfy on the boundary; ideally so as to ensure that a unique solution exists. A Cauchy boundary condition specifies both the function value and normal derivative ...
If there was a family tree of pastry, pies and tarts (much like pies versus cobblers) would be on the same delicious branch. Both start out with a bottom layer crust and then are topped with ...
Weak solution. In mathematics, a weak solution (also called a generalized solution) to an ordinary or partial differential equation is a function for which the derivatives may not all exist but which is nonetheless deemed to satisfy the equation in some precisely defined sense. There are many different definitions of weak solution, appropriate ...
In mathematics, the equidistribution theorem is the statement that the sequence. a, 2 a, 3 a, ... mod 1. is uniformly distributed on the circle , when a is an irrational number. It is a special case of the ergodic theorem where one takes the normalized angle measure .