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The baby's gestational age (number of completed weeks of pregnancy) at the time of birth and the baby's weight (also a measure of growth) influence whether the baby will survive. Another major factor is gender: male infants have a slightly higher risk of dying than female infants, [ 41 ] for which various explanations have been proposed.
A litter consists of the puppies born from the same pregnancy. A whelp is a newborn puppy and giving birth to dogs is called whelping. Dogs commonly give birth in a whelping box, a simple box or pen provided to the dam to help shelter and contain the puppies. A person who intentionally mates dogs to produce puppies is referred to as a dog breeder.
In mammals, pregnancy is the period of reproduction during which a female carries one or more live offspring from implantation in the uterus through gestation. It begins when a fertilized zygote implants in the female's uterus , and ends once it leaves the uterus.
Large and giant breeds average 7 puppies per litter but can have a maximum litter size of about 15. [25] In one study, the Rhodesian Ridgeback had the highest average litter size with 8.9 pups per litter while the Pomeranian and Toy Poodle had the lowest with 2.4 pups per litter. [25] The number of puppies also varies with the mother's age.
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Occasionally these bones fail to close, but the dog is still healthy. In these cases, however, the dog's owners need to be very careful, since any injury or bumps to the animal's head could cause significant brain damage, as well as conditions like epilepsy. An open fontanelle, known as a molera, is a recognized feature of the Chihuahua breed.
Male pregnancy is the incubation of one or more embryos or fetuses by organisms of the male sex in some species. Most species that reproduce by sexual reproduction are heterogamous — females producing larger gametes ( ova ) and males producing smaller gametes ( sperm ).
Figure from a 2017 Nature Communications paper describing an extra-uterine life support system, or "biobag", used to grow lamb fetuses. [1]An artificial womb or artificial uterus is a device that would allow for extracorporeal pregnancy, [2] by growing a fetus outside the body of an organism that would normally carry the fetus to term. [3]