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It involves installing a smaller, "carrier pipe" into a larger "host pipe", grouting the annular space between the two pipes, and sealing the ends. Sliplining has been used since the 1940s. [1] The most common material used to slipline an existing pipe is high-density polyethylene (HDPE), but fiberglass-reinforced pipe (FRP) and PVC are also ...
Pipe replacement by pipe bursting. Trenchless rehabilitation includes such construction methods as spiral wound lining, sliplining, thermoformed pipe, pipe bursting, shotcrete, gunite, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP), grout-in-place pipe, mechanical spot repair, and other methods for the repair, rehabilitation, or replacement of existing buried pipes and structures without excavation, or at least ...
It is a jointless, seamless pipe lining within an existing pipe. As one of the most widely used rehabilitation methods, CIPP has applications in sewer, water, gas, chemical and district heating pipelines ranging in diameter from 0.1 to 2.8 meters (2–110 inches).
A device that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycle. This cooled liquid flows through pipes in a building and passes through coils in air handlers, fan-coil units, or other systems, cooling and usually dehumidifying the air in the building. Chillers are of two types; air-cooled or water-cooled.
A pivot table in BOEMax, a Basis of Estimate software package. To create a BOE companies, throughout the past few decades, have used spreadsheet programs and skilled cost analysts to enter thousands of lines of data and create complex algorithms to calculate the costs. These positions require a high level of skill to ensure accuracy and ...
For example, if the replacement cost — not the amount that you paid for it originally, but the amount it would cost to replace it today — for your roof is $20,000, but the roof loses 5 percent ...
A Allocation of costs is the transfer of costs from one cost item to one or more other cost items. Allowance - a value in an estimate to cover the cost of known but not yet fully defined work. As-sold estimate - the estimate which matches the agreed items and price for the project scope. B Basis of estimate (BOE) - a document which describes the scope basis, pricing basis, methods ...
Futures contracts and cost basis. Calculating the cost basis for futures contracts involves assessing the difference between a commodity’s local spot price and its associated futures price. For ...