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Procaine was first synthesized in 1905, [4] shortly after amylocaine. [5] It was created by the chemist Alfred Einhorn who gave the chemical the trade name Novocaine, from the Latin nov-(meaning "new") and -caine, a common ending for alkaloids used as anesthetics. It was introduced into medical use by surgeon Heinrich Braun.
The chemical linkage between the lipophilic part and the intermediate chain can be of the amide-type or the ester-type, and is the general basis for the current classification of local anesthetics. Amino esters, in reference to anesthetic agents, are rapidly metabolized in the plasma by butyrylcholinesterase to para-aminobenzoic acid ...
Chemical/structural class Duration of effect amylocaine: Stovaine 1904 (Ernest Fourneau) ester- benzoic ambucaine [1] diester - aminosalicylic articaine: Astracaine, Septanest, Septocaine, Ultracaine, Zorcaine Amide benzocaine: Anbesol, Orajel Ester - Aminobenzoic Short benzonatate: Tessalon bupivacaine: Marcaine, Sensorcaine, Vivacaine 1957 ...
Alfred Einhorn (27 February 1856 – 21 March 1917) was a German chemist most notable for first synthesizing procaine in 1905 which he patented under the name Novocain. [2] Until that time the primary anesthetic in use was cocaine , however its undesirable side effects (including toxicity and addiction ) led scientists to seek out newer ...
The Meyer-Overton correlation for anaesthetics. A nonspecific mechanism of general anaesthetic action was first proposed by Emil Harless and Ernst von Bibra in 1847. [9] They suggested that general anaesthetics may act by dissolving in the fatty fraction of brain cells and removing fatty constituents from them, thus changing activity of brain cells and inducing anaesthesia.
It was sold under the market name larocaine. During the 1930s dimethocaine gained popularity in the US as a local anesthetic. Just like cocaine and procaine, it was used during surgery, primarily in dentistry, ophthalmology and otolaryngology. However, in the 1940s, it was removed from the market because of its psychoactive effects and risk of ...
It is a form of penicillin which is a salt of benzylpenicillin and the local anaesthetic agent procaine. [9] The salt has weak solubility, and is prepared as a suspension. Upon injection it forms a deposit within tissue (a "depot'), and the salt slowly dissolves into interstitial fluid - dissociating the two molecules into their bioactive forms over an extended pe
Chloroprocaine was developed to meet the need for a short-acting spinal anaesthetic that is reliable and has a favourable safety profile to support the growing need for day-case surgery. Licensed in Europe for surgical procedures up to 40 minutes, chloroprocaine is an ester-type local anaesthetic with the shortest duration of action of all the ...