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The Penal Laws were introduced into Ireland in the year 1695, disenfranchising nonconformists in favour of the minority established Church of Ireland, aligned with the Protestant Church of England. The laws' principal victims were members of the Catholic Church , numbering over three quarters of the population in the south, and adherents of the ...
The necessity of receiving the sacrament as a qualification for office was repealed in Ireland in 1780 (19 & 20 Geo. 3. c. 6 (I)) [10] [11] and by the Sacramental Test Act 1828 in England and Wales. Provisions requiring the taking of oaths and declarations against transubstantiation were repealed by the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829. [1]
Catholic emancipation or Catholic relief was a process in the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, and later the combined United Kingdom in the late 18th century and early 19th century, that involved reducing and removing many of the restrictions on Roman Catholics introduced by the Act of Uniformity, the Test Acts and the penal laws.
Other Acts targeted Catholic recusants, including statutes passed under James I and Charles I, as well as laws defining other offences deemed to be acts of recusancy. Recusants were subject to various civil disabilities and penalties under English penal laws, most of which were repealed during the Regency and the reign of George IV (1811–30).
The Catholic Church utilizes the oldest continuously functioning legal system in the West, [1] much later than Roman law but predating the evolution of modern European civil law traditions. The history of Latin canon law can be divided into four periods: the jus antiquum , the jus novum , the jus novissimum and the Code of Canon Law . [ 2 ]
Jenico Preston, 12th Viscount Gormanston and Trimbleston were out of touch with the people; Arthur French, Mr. Hussey, and Mr. Clinch were men of little ability; Denys Scully was a clever lawyer who had written a book on the penal laws; and Thomas Dromgoole was a lawyer with a taste for theology and Church history, a Catholic bigot ill-suited ...
The 1911 edition of the Catholic Encyclopedia suggested that "the infliction of capital punishment is not contrary to the teaching of the Catholic Church, and the power of the State to visit upon culprits the penalty of death derives much authority from revelation and from the writings of theologians", but that the matter of "the advisability ...
Ecclesiastical prisons were penal institutions maintained by the Catholic Church. At various times, they were used for the incarceration both of clergy accused of various crimes , and of laity accused of specifically ecclesiastical crimes ; prisoners were sometimes held in custody while awaiting trial , sometimes as part of an imposed sentence .