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The concept of intelligent machines for instructional use date back as early as 1924, when Sidney Pressey of Ohio State University created a mechanical teaching machine to instruct students without a human teacher. [5] [6] His machine resembled closely a typewriter with several keys and a window that provided the learner with questions. The ...
The XE expansion of SIC adds a 48-bit floating point data type, an additional memory addressing mode, and extra memory (1 megabyte instead of 32,768 bytes) to the original machine. All SIC assembly code is upwards compatible with SIC/XE. SIC machines have several registers, each 24 bits long and having both a numeric and character representation:
Skinner, who was responsible for bringing the whole subject into popular view, acknowledged Pressey's work in his 1958 paper on teaching machines. [15] [16] Sidney was displeased by the “crass commercialization” of teaching machines. He objected to this use of teaching machines feeling they had a lack of questioning about basic theory.
The ideas of teaching machines and programmed learning provided the basis for later ideas such as open learning and computer-assisted instruction. Illustrations of early teaching machines can be found in the 1960 sourcebook, Teaching Machines and Programmed Learning. [12] An "Autotutor" was demonstrated at the 1964 World's Fair. [13]
PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations), [1] [2] also known as Project Plato [3] and Project PLATO, was the first generalized computer-assisted instruction system. Starting in 1960, it ran on the University of Illinois 's ILLIAC I computer.
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Since the textual source code could be generated in different textual programming languages like C and Python, PWCT could be used in developing projects that have different requirements like Internet of Things (IoT) projects, [23] Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning applications, [24] GUI projects [25] and Text processing applications ...
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