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The Pahang Sultanate (Malay: Kesultanan Pahang, Jawi: كسلطانن ڤهڠ ) also referred as the Old Pahang Sultanate, as opposed to the modern Pahang Sultanate, was a Malay Muslim state established in the eastern Malay Peninsula in the 15th century.
The old Pahang kingdom (Malay: Kerajaan Pahang Tua [4]) was a historical Malay polity centred in the Pahang region on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula. The polity appeared in foreign records from as early as the 5th century [5] and at its height, covered much of modern state of Pahang and the entire southern part of the peninsula. [6]
With the decline of Johor from the late 18th century, and the involvement of foreign powers, the Bendahara consolidated their power in Pahang and became increasingly independent. During the reign of Tun Abdul Majid , a semi-independent state Pahang Kingdom was established with Bendahara acquiring similar status as a Raja ('king'). [ 7 ]
Sultan of Pahang (سلطان ڤهڠ ) is the title of the hereditary constitutional head of Pahang, Malaysia. The current sultan is Al-Sultan Abdullah ibni Sultan Ahmad Shah. He is the Head of Islam in the state and the source of all titles, honours and dignities in the state. Historically, the title was also used by rulers of the Old Pahang ...
The Old Pahang Sultanate centred in modern-day Pekan was established in the 15th century. At the height of its influence, the sultanate controlled the entire Pahang basin. [123] The sultanate had its origins as a vassal to the Malaccan Sultanate.
Pahang's traditional political and social structure was largely modelled on that of Malacca. Between 1864 and 1888, a sophisticated hierarchy existed in Pahang, with the raja bendahara at the top. Below him were the offices of orang besar berempat ('four nobles'), that trace their origins from the time of the old Pahang Sultanate.
Sultan Muhammad Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Mansur Shah (1455–1475) was the founder of the old Pahang Sultanate and reigned from 1470 to 1475. A former heir apparent to the Malaccan throne, he was banished by his father Mansur Shah for committing murder, following an incident in a Sepak Raga game and went into exile in Pahang and was later installed as its first sultan in 1470.
The modern royal house of Pahang is a branch of the royal family of Johor. They held the title of Bendahara. In 1853, the Bendahara, Tun Muhammad Tahir, broke away from the Johor sultan and declared the state of Pahang independent. He was later deposed by his brother Ahmad, who declared himself Sultan in 1884. [citation needed]