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Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease) is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes.It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries and one of the lead causes of sight loss in the world, even though there are many new therapies and improved treatments for helping people live with diabetes.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis 50-60% have ophthalmologic manifestations, which can be a presenting feature in a minority of patients. Orbital disease is the most common manifestation, and may result in proptosis , restrictive ophthalmopathy , chronic orbital pain, and in chronic cases, orbital retraction syndrome and intractable socket pain.
The progression of symptoms, starting with type 1 diabetes and subsequent vision loss within the first decade of life, is a critical diagnostic clue. [23] Imaging studies are essential for understanding the extent of brain and optic nerve damage in Wolfram syndrome.
Insulin is a pancreatic hormone that allows the body to lower blood sugar levels (glucose) after eating. Insulin resistance, or low insulin sensitivity, happens when cells throughout the body don ...
In insulin-deficient diabetes (exogenous) insulin levels do not decrease as glucose levels fall, and the combination of deficient glucagon and epinephrine responses causes defective glucose counterregulation. Furthermore, reduced sympathoadrenal responses can cause hypoglycemia unawareness.
Hyperinsulinism can be associated with several types of medical problems, which can be roughly divided into two broad and largely non-overlapping categories: those tending toward reduced sensitivity to insulin and high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia), and those tending toward excessive insulin secretion and low glucose levels (hypoglycemia).
In general, most signs and symptoms can be attributed to (1) the effects on the brain of insufficient glucose (neuroglycopenia) or (2) to the adrenergic response of the autonomic nervous system to hypoglycemia. A few miscellaneous symptoms are harder to attribute to either of these causes.
Some glaucomas (e.g. open angle glaucoma) cause gradual loss of vision and some others (e.g. angle closure glaucoma) cause sudden loss of vision. [6] It is one of the leading cause of blindness worldwide. [2] Diabetes: Poorly controlled blood sugar can lead to temporary swelling of the lens of the eye, resulting in blurred vision. While it ...