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In quantum computing, a quantum algorithm is an algorithm that runs on a realistic model of quantum computation, the most commonly used model being the quantum circuit model of computation. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A classical (or non-quantum) algorithm is a finite sequence of instructions, or a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem, where each step ...
In quantum computing, Grover's algorithm, also known as the quantum search algorithm, is a quantum algorithm for unstructured search that finds with high probability the unique input to a black box function that produces a particular output value, using just () evaluations of the function, where is the size of the function's domain.
Quantum circuit algorithms can be implemented on integrated circuits, conducted with instrumentation, or written in a programming language for use with a quantum computer or a quantum processor. With quantum processor based systems, quantum programming languages help express quantum algorithms using high-level constructs. [ 1 ]
Quantum algorithms that offer more than a polynomial speedup over the best-known classical algorithm include Shor's algorithm for factoring and the related quantum algorithms for computing discrete logarithms, solving Pell's equation, and more generally solving the hidden subgroup problem for abelian finite groups. [57]
In a quantum walk, on the other hand, the walker is represented by a quantum state, which can be in a superposition of several locations simultaneously. [1] Search algorithms based on quantum walks have the potential to find applications in various fields, including optimization, machine learning, cryptography, and network analysis. [2]
Adiabatic quantum computing has been shown to be polynomially equivalent to conventional quantum computing in the circuit model. [6] The time complexity for an adiabatic algorithm is the time taken to complete the adiabatic evolution which is dependent on the gap in the energy eigenvalues (spectral gap) of the Hamiltonian.
Quantum counting algorithm; Quantum Fourier transform; Quantum optimization algorithms; Quantum phase estimation algorithm; Quantum singular value transformation;
For combinatorial optimization, the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) [6] briefly had a better approximation ratio than any known polynomial time classical algorithm (for a certain problem), [7] until a more effective classical algorithm was proposed. [8] The relative speed-up of the quantum algorithm is an open research question.