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Most engines with four or less cylinders use a straight engine layout, and most engines with eight cylinders or more use a V engine layout. However, there are various exceptions to this, such as the straight-eight engines used by various luxury cars from 1919-1954, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] V4 engines used by some marine outboard motors, V-twin and ...
The front-engine, rear-wheel drive layout (abbreviated as FR layout) is one where the engine is located at the front of the vehicle and driven wheels are located at the rear. [3] This was the traditional automobile layout for most of the 20th century, and remains the most common layout for rear-wheel drive vehicles.
Today most car makers have abandoned the layout although it does continue in some expensive cars, [3] like the Porsche 911. It is also used in some racing car applications, [4] low-floor buses, some Type-D school buses, and microcars such as the Smart Fortwo. Some electric cars feature both rear and front motors, to drive all four wheels. [5]
Some engines have used a V-angle of 180 degrees (the same angle as a flat engine), such as several Ferrari V12 engines. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] At the other end of the scale, the 1922-1976 Lancia V4 engine and the 1991–present Volkswagen VR6 engine use V-angles as small as 10 degrees, along with a single cylinder head used by both banks of cylinders.
Starting around 1925 engine blocks and cylinder heads were now developed at each brand but were cast at Saginaw Metal Casting Operations. [3] In the mid-1960s, there were 8 separate families of GM V8 engines on sale in the USA. [4] [1] By the 1970s, GM began to see problems with their approach.
The only V5 automobile engine to reach production was the 2.3 L (140 cu in) "VR5" engine manufactured by Volkswagen from 1997 to 2006. Based on Volkswagen's VR6 engine, the VR5 was a narrow-angle engine with staggered cylinders (three cylinders on one bank and two on the other) sharing a single cylinder head. [3]
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Pages in category "Engines by cylinder layout" The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. D.