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kppp – A kde GUI frontend for pppd.; gnome-ppp – A (discontinued) gnome GUI frontend for WvDial, which in turns depends on pppd.; pppconfig – It uses the standard ppp configuration files and sets ppp up so that the standard pon and poff commands (to connect and disconnect) and plog (to list the log) can be used to control ppp.
The Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) is a network protocol for encapsulating Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) frames inside Ethernet frames. It appeared in 1999, in the context of the boom of DSL as the solution for tunneling packets over the DSL connection to the ISP's IP network, and from there to the rest of the Internet.
In practice, in protocols like PPPoE which is commonly used in home broadband connections, the latter method (request suggestion, nak with suggestion, request suggested address) is used to set the IP address of the ISP's client endpoint (i.e. the customer-premises equipment), while the former method (request address) is used to inform the ...
For example, IP uses IPCP, and Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) uses the Novell IPX Control Protocol . NCPs include fields containing standardized codes to indicate the network layer protocol type that the PPP connection encapsulates. The following NCPs may be used with PPP: IPCP for IP, protocol code number 0x8021, RFC 1332
IP-in-IP IP in IP (encapsulation) RFC 2003: 0x05 5 ST Internet Stream Protocol: RFC 1190, RFC 1819: 0x06 6 TCP Transmission Control Protocol: RFC 793: 0x07 7 CBT Core-based trees: RFC 2189: 0x08 8 EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol: RFC 888: 0x09 9 IGP Interior gateway protocol (any private interior gateway, for example Cisco's IGRP) 0x0A 10 BBN-RCC-MON
For example, you can release and renew an IP address if it happened to be assigned incorrectly by the DHCP server during the automated assignment process. [9] Like most Unix -based operating systems, Mac OS X also uses ifconfig for more direct control over network interfaces, such as configuring static IP addresses.
The "Server port" column indicates the port from which the server transmits data. In the case of FTP , this port differs from the listening port. Some protocols—including FTP, FTP Secure , FASP , and Tsunami —listen on a "control port" or "command port", at which they receive commands from the client.
However, as in a normal GRE connection, those modified GRE packets are directly encapsulated into IP packets, and seen as IP protocol number 47. The GRE tunnel is used to carry encapsulated PPP packets, allowing the tunnelling of any protocols that can be carried within PPP, including IP , NetBEUI and IPX .