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An alkaline urine sample is a possible sign of P. mirabilis. It can be diagnosed in the lab due to characteristic swarming motility, and inability to metabolize lactose (on a MacConkey agar plate, for example). Also P. mirabilis produces a very distinct fishy odor.
These include Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Enterococci, and Group B Streptococci. Studies are still being done into each of these bacteria but below is a brief summary of some of the lesser known bacteria. [15] P. mirabilis can be contracted in the community and in hospitals. This bacteria was ...
P. mirabilis, once attached to the urinary tract, infects the kidney more commonly than E. coli. P. mirabilis is often found as a free-living organism in soil and water. About 10–15% of kidney stones are struvite stones , caused by alkalinization of the urine by the action of the urease enzyme (which splits urea into ammonia and carbon ...
P. mirabilis uses biofilm formation and swarming motility to colonize indwelling urinary catheters, and then migrates through the urethra and into the bladder. The high level of urea (~0.4 M) in urine saturates the urease enzyme within colonizing bacteria and thus the enzymes work at V max.
Three Proteus species P. vulgaris, P. mirabilis, and P. penneri are opportunistic human pathogens, most commonly resulting in urinary tract infections. [2] Proteus vulgaris is commonly found in the intestine in various animals, and is shed into manure and soil.
The Proteus penneri group of bacteria was named in 1982. It reclassified a group of strains formerly known as Proteus vulgaris biogroup 1. [6] In 1978, Brenner et al. showed through DNA hybridization studies that P. vulgaris was a heterogenous species. [7]
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TMP/SMX is commonly used due to its ability to achieve high concentrations in urinary tract tissues and urine. This antibiotic combination demonstrates notable efficacy in both the treatment and prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections. [ 12 ]