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  2. Urinalysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinalysis

    Test strips contain pads impregnated with chemical compounds that change color when they interact with specific elements in the sample, such as glucose, protein and blood, [10] and microscopic examination permits the counting and classification of solid elements of the urine, such as cells, crystals, and bacteria. [11] Urinalysis is one of the ...

  3. Bacteriuria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriuria

    A negative dipstick test does not exclude bacteriuria, as not all bacteria which can colonise the urinary tract are nitrate-reducing. The leukocyte esterase test indirectly detects the presence of leukocytes (white blood cells) in urine which can be associated with a urinary tract infection. In the elderly, the leukocyte esterase test is often ...

  4. Clostridioides difficile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridioides_difficile

    Clostridioides difficile (syn. Clostridium difficile) is a bacterium known for causing serious diarrheal infections, and may also cause colon cancer. [4] [5] It is known also as C. difficile, or C. diff (/ s iː d ɪ f /), and is a Gram-positive species of spore-forming bacteria. [6]

  5. Shigella - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigella

    Shigella is a genus of bacteria that is Gram negative, facultatively anaerobic, non–spore-forming, nonmotile, rod shaped, and is genetically nested within Escherichia. The genus is named after Kiyoshi Shiga, who discovered it in 1897. [1] Shigella causes disease in primates, but not in other mammals; it is the causative agent of human ...

  6. Urine test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine_test

    A urine test is any medical test performed on a urine specimen. The analysis of urine is a valuable diagnostic tool because its composition reflects the functioning of many body systems, particularly the kidneys and urinary system, and specimens are easy to obtain. [1]

  7. Nephritic syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephritic_syndrome

    Urinalysis - After the patient provides a urine specimen, it is sent to the lab for analysis using a variety of methods including urine dipstick testing and microscopic examination. Because the kidney is responsible for making urine , analyzing the urine directly can provide crucial data that can help the physician diagnose nephritic syndrome ...

  8. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic-associated_diarrhea

    Clostridioides difficile, also known more commonly as C. diff, accounts for 10 to 20% of antibiotic-associated diarrhea cases, because the antibiotics administered for the treatment of certain disease processes such as inflammatory colitis also inadvertently kill a large portion of the gut flora, the normal flora that is usually present within the bowel.

  9. Morganella morganii - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morganella_morganii

    Morganella morganii is a species of Gram-negative bacteria. [2] It has a commensal relationship within the intestinal tracts of humans, mammals, and reptiles as normal flora. [ 2 ] Although M. morganii has a wide distribution, it is considered an uncommon cause of community-acquired infection, and it is most often encountered in postoperative ...

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