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Epilepsy is a neurological condition of recurrent episodes of unprovoked epileptic seizures. A seizure is an abnormal neuronal brain activity that can cause intellectual, emotional, and social consequences. Epilepsy affects children and adults of all ages and races, and is one of the most common neurological disorders of the nervous system. [1]
Epilepsy is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. [ 10 ] An epileptic seizure is the clinical manifestation of an abnormal, excessive, and synchronized electrical discharge in the neurons. [ 1 ] The occurrence of two or more unprovoked seizures defines epilepsy. [ 11 ]
Anticonvulsant. Anticonvulsants (also known as antiepileptic drugs, antiseizure drugs, or anti-seizure medications (ASM)) are a diverse group of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of epileptic seizures. [ 1 ] Anticonvulsants are also increasingly being used in the treatment of bipolar disorder [ 2 ][ 3 ] and borderline personality ...
Most of these patients were using the only effective drug then available, bromide, which had terrible side effects and limited efficacy. On phenobarbital, their epilepsy was much improved: The worst [clarification needed] patients had fewer and lighter seizures and some patients became seizure-free. In addition, they improved physically and ...
Topiramate, sold under the brand name Topamax among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy and prevent migraines. [ 9 ] It has also been used in alcohol dependence and essential tremor. [ 9 ] For epilepsy this includes treatment for generalized or focal seizures. [ 10 ] It is taken orally (by mouth).
Clobazam, sold under the brand names Frisium, Onfi and others, is a benzodiazepine class medication that was patented in 1968. [ 3 ] Clobazam was first synthesized in 1966 and first published in 1969. Clobazam was originally marketed as an anxioselective anxiolytic since 1970, [ 4 ][ 5 ] and an anticonvulsant since 1984. [ 6 ]
Levetiracetam. Levetiracetam, sold under the brand name Keppra among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy. [ 7 ] It is used for partial-onset, myoclonic, or tonic–clonic seizures and is taken either by mouth as an immediate or extended release formulation or by injection into a vein. [ 7 ]
Low blood sodium is seen in 20–30% of people taking oxcarbazepine, and 8–12% of those experience severe hyponatremia. Some side effects, such as headaches, are more pronounced shortly after a dose is taken and tend to fade with time (60 to 90 minutes). Other side effects include stomach pain, tremor, rash, diarrhea, constipation, decreased ...
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