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The open surface waters of the Baltic Sea "proper" generally have a salinity of 0.3 to 0.9%, which is border-line freshwater. The flow of freshwater into the sea from approximately two hundred rivers and the introduction of salt from the southwest builds up a gradient of salinity in the Baltic Sea.
The seawater of the Baltic Sea is classed as low-salinity brackish water. In the surface layers of the Baltic Sea, the average salinity is only seven grams per kilogram of water. By contrast, in the oceans, it is 35 grams per kilogram.
Salinity and temperature play a fundamental role in the global oceanic circulation. This page aims to provide a brief overview of the salinity characteristics of the Baltic Sea. The Baltic Sea stands out as a distinctive maritime region.
The Baltic Sea salinity is not only a physical variable, but it also describes in an integrated way the simultaneous effects of the energy and water cycles in the sea; some of these features are typical just for the Baltic Sea, such as the low mean level of salinity and its pronounced variability.
The surface water salinity of the Baltic Sea is still around 20 in the Danish straits but decreases gradually northwards. For example, at the inner part of the Gulf of Finland, salinity ranges from only 0-3 and measures approximately 2 in the Gulf of Bothnia.
estimate the salinity anomaly on the basis of the state of the Baltic Sea CO2 system characterized by the alkalinity and total CO2 concentrations. On climatological time scales the alkalinity in the Baltic Sea may increase because the rising atmospheric CO2 may enhance the weathering of CaCO3 in the catchment area. The increased alkalinity ...
New results on MBI dynamics and related water mass interchange between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea have been published. Those studies also included results from the MBI-related...
The salinity in the Baltic Sea is not only an important topic for physical oceanography as such, but it also integrates the complete water and energy cycle. It is a primary external driver controlling ecosystem dynamics of the Baltic Sea. The salinity dynamics is driven by: net precipitation, river
In the Baltic Sea, salinity and its large variability, both horizontal and vertical, are key physical factors in. determining the overall stratification conditions. In addition to that, salinity and its changes also have large effects on various. ecosystem processes. Several factors determine the observed two-layer vertical structure of salinity.
With the help of ocean simulations forced by historical atmospheric and hydrological reconstructions and local observations, we analyzed long-term changes in the sea surface salinity of the Baltic Sea as well as its latitudinal gradient.