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Causes of overweight and obesity. Overweight and obesity result from an imbalance of energy intake (diet) and energy expenditure (physical activity). In most cases obesity is a multifactorial disease due to obesogenic environments, psycho-social factors and genetic variants.
Over the past 50 years, worldwide obesity rates have tripled, creating a public health crisis so widespread and damaging that it is sometimes referred to as an epidemic. Most accounts put the roots of the problem firmly in the modern age. But could it have been brewing since before World War II?
At its core, rising obesity is caused by a chronic shift towards positive energy balance—consuming more energy or calories than one expends each day, leading to an often gradual but persistent increase in body weight.
The global obesity epidemic has been causally associated with a series of powerful driving forces mainly related to the international food production and supply system, which interact with local environmental factors, resulting in large heterogeneity in obesity prevalence between different populations.
There are many contributing factors to obesity in individual behavior patterns, such as poor food choices and over-eating, sedentary lifestyles, and genetic disposition (with heritability estimates of 40–70%). Adverse trends are apparent in both food consumption patterns and activity levels (7).
Herein, we discuss the epidemiology of obesity, covering the pathophysiology, pathogenesis, genetics, epigenetics, and environmental (macro and micro) causes that result in obesity. We end by summarizing possible management and prevention strategies.
In both children and adults, major consequences of obesity include the development of serious chronic disorders that further reduce quality of life and life span, such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemias, hypertension, and cardio‐ and cerebrovascular disease and their consequences in ischemic injuries. 7, 8 Furthermore, in 2020, the SARS‐CoV ...
Obesity is a disease that can cause premature disability and death by increasing the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, osteoarthritis, dementia, depression and some types of cancers.
Paradoxically coexisting with undernutrition, an escalating global epidemic of overweight and obesity – “globesity” – is taking over many parts of the world. If immediate action is not taken, millions will suffer from an array of serious health disorders.
Maps of U.S. adult obesity prevalence plus data, statistics, and research resources and findings.