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The text is laid out in the format that was to become standard for complete Quran manuscripts, with chapter divisions indicated by a decorated line, and verse endings by intertextual clustered dots. Although the Quran text witnessed in the two Birmingham leaves almost entirely [ 12 ] conforms to the standard text, [ 13 ] their orthography ...
Early Quranic manuscripts. In Muslim tradition the Quran is the final revelation from God, Islam 's divine text, delivered to the Islamic prophet Muhammad through the angel Jibril (Gabriel). Muhammad's revelations were said to have been recorded orally and in writing, through Muhammad and his followers up until his death in 632 CE. [1]
The Sanaa palimpsest (also Ṣanʽā’ 1 or DAM 01-27.1) or Sanaa Quran is one of the oldest Quranic manuscripts in existence. [1] Part of a sizable cache of Quranic and non-Quranic fragments discovered in Yemen during a 1972 restoration of the Great Mosque of Sanaa, the manuscript was identified as a palimpsest Quran in 1981 as it is written on parchment and comprises two layers of text.
The Samarkand Kufic Quran (also known as the Uthman Quran, Samarkand codex, Samarkand manuscript and Tashkent Quran) is an 8th or 9th century manuscript Quran written in the territory of modern Iraq in the Kufic script, where it was later taken by Tamerlane to Samarkand (present-day Uzbekistan). Today it is kept in the Hast Imam library, in ...
According to Halaseh, H.S. 32 currently contains about 97.78% of the text of the Qur'ān. [5] With only two pages (23 verses) lacking, this manuscript is the closest to the complete text of the Quran. Mehmed Ali Pasha, Governor of Egypt, sent this manuscript to the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II as a gift in the 19th century (CE). [6] [7] [8]
The order of the suras in the lower text of the Sana'a codex is different from the order in the standard Quran. [140] In addition, the lower text exhibits extensive variations from the counterpart text in the standard Quran; such that the lower text represents the only surviving early quranic manuscript that does not conform to the 'Uthmanic ...
Mushaf (Arabic: مُصْحَف, romanized: muṣḥaf, IPA: [musˤ.ħaf]; plural مَصَاحِف, maṣāḥif) is an Arabic word for a codex or collection of sheets, but also refers to a written copy of the Quran. [1] The chapters of the Quran, which Muslims believe was revealed during a 23-year period in Muhammad 's lifetime, were written on ...
The Quran, [c] also romanized Qur'an or Koran, [d] is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allāh). It is organized in 114 chapters (surah, pl. suwer) which consist of individual verses (āyah). Besides its religious significance, it is widely regarded as the finest work in Arabic ...