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A: blue line = chord, green line = camber mean-line, B: leading-edge radius, C: xy coordinates for the profile geometry (chord = x axis; y axis line on that leading edge) The NACA airfoil series is a set of standardized airfoil shapes developed by this agency, which became widely used in the design of aircraft wings.
An airfoil (American English) or aerofoil (British English) is a streamlined body that is capable of generating significantly more lift than drag. [1] Wings, sails and propeller blades are examples of airfoils. Foils of similar function designed with water as the working fluid are called hydrofoils.
A supercritical aerofoil (supercritical airfoil in American English) is an airfoil designed primarily to delay the onset of wave drag in the transonic speed range. Supercritical airfoils are characterized by their flattened upper surface, highly cambered ("downward-curved") aft section, and larger leading-edge radius compared with NACA 6-series ...
The profile was designed in 1922 by Virginius E. Clark using thickness distribution of the German-developed Goettingen 398 airfoil. [1] The airfoil has a thickness of 11.7 percent and is flat on the lower surface aft of 30 percent of chord. The flat bottom simplifies angle measurements on propellers, and makes for easy construction of wings.
Gurney flap. The Gurney flap (or wickerbill) is a small tab projecting from the trailing edge of a wing. Typically it is set at a right angle to the pressure-side surface of the airfoil [2] and projects 1% to 2% of the wing chord. [3] This trailing edge device can improve the performance of a simple airfoil to nearly the same level as a complex ...
Model Calendar year introduced Current model Vehicle description Introduction Update/facelift; 718 BOXSTER/CAYMAN: 718: 1996 2016 – Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive roadster (Boxster) and fastback coupe (Cayman). 911: 911: 1964 2019 2024 Rear-engine, rear-wheel/all-wheel drive sports coupe, targa top and convertible. CAYENNE: Cayenne: 2002 ...
A Kammback —also known as a Kamm tail or K-tail —is an automotive styling feature wherein the rear of the car slopes downwards before being abruptly cut off with a vertical or near-vertical surface. A Kammback reduces aerodynamic drag, thus improving efficiency and reducing fuel consumption, [1] while maintaining a practical shape for a ...
Rear-wheel-drive luxury sedan available in hybrid and fuel cell hydrogen powertrains. S235 (crossover) 2022. Japan, North America and others. All-wheel-drive luxury crossover sedan marketed in Japan and North America. Oldest Toyota passenger car nameplate still in use. Hybrid powertrain is standard. Mirai.