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Body sites in which brachytherapy can be used to treat cancer. Brachytherapy is commonly used to treat cancers of the cervix, prostate, breast, and skin. [1]Brachytherapy can also be used in the treatment of tumours of the brain, eye, head and neck region (lip, floor of mouth, tongue, nasopharynx and oropharynx), [10] respiratory tract (trachea and bronchi), digestive tract (oesophagus, gall ...
Brachytherapy and EBRT can also be used, singly or in combination, when there is a contraindication for hysterectomy. [22] Both delivery methods of radiotherapy are associated with side effects, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. [2]
Gynecology. Vaginal stenosis is an abnormal condition in which the vagina becomes narrower and shorter due to the formation of fibrous tissue. [1][2] Vaginal stenosis can contribute to sexual dysfunction, dyspareunia and make pelvic exams difficult and painful. [1] The lining of the vagina may also be thinner and drier and contain scar tissue.
A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) is a type of medication which affects gonadotropins and sex hormones. [1] They are used for a variety of indications including in fertility medicine and to lower sex hormone levels in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancers such as prostate cancer and breast cancer, certain gynecological disorders like heavy periods and endometriosis ...
Diethylstilbestrol (DES), the most studied endocrine disruptor, has been implicated in numerous health problems in female offspring of exposed women [46]. Curiously, few studies have examined the impact on male offspring, the DES sons. An online forum, DES Sons International, conducted a survey of members.
Side effects include irregular periods, benign ovarian cysts, pelvic pain, and depression. [2] Rarely uterine perforation may occur. [2] Use is not recommended during pregnancy but is safe with breastfeeding. [2] The IUD with progestogen is a type of long-acting reversible birth control. [5]
The underlying causes may include ovulation problems, fibroids, the lining of the uterus growing into the uterine wall, uterine polyps, underlying bleeding problems, side effects from birth control, or cancer. [3] More than one category of causes may apply in an individual case. [3] The first step in work-up is to rule out a tumor or pregnancy.
Menstrual suppression refers to the practice of using hormonal management to stop or reduce menstrual bleeding. In contrast to surgical options for this purpose, such as hysterectomy or endometrial ablation, hormonal methods to manipulate menstruation are reversible. There are a number of medical conditions for which fewer menstrual periods and ...