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As it has been understood that propellant burns more efficiently in shorter, wider-diameter casings, [7] modern ammunition has changed over time to become shorter and wider than previous cartridges. The .30 TC (0.308 in (7.8 mm) x 1.920 in (48.8 mm) is a non-magnum that is somewhat shorter and wider than the .308 and .30-06. [ 1 ]
An early mention of "hydrostatic shock" appeared in Popular Mechanics in April 1942. [7] In the scientific literature, the first discussion of pressure waves created when a bullet hits a living target is presented by E. Harvey Newton and his research group at Princeton University in 1947: [8]
Hydra-Shok is a type of hollow-point projectile made by Federal Premium Ammunition. It was originally patented by ammunition designer Tom Burczynski. Hydra-Shok was released in 1988 after the FBI requested a bullet with better terminal ballistics than traditional cup and core projectiles. [1]
Subsonic ammunition is ammunition designed to operate at velocities below the speed of sound (Mach 1), which at standard conditions is 340.29 m/s (1,116.4 ft/s). This avoids the supersonic shockwave or "crack" of a supersonic bullet, which, particularly for suppressed firearms, influences the loudness of the shot. [1] [2] [3]
Destroyed T-72B3 in Ukraine with the turret separated. The jack-in-the-box effect is known to occur in tanks which are "buttoned up" (i.e. with all hatches closed and locked), and which have internally stored ammunition and no blowout panels on the ammunition storage area.
A typical .30-30 factory load fires a 150-grain bullet at 2390 ft/s, while the current 7-30 factory load fires a 120-grain bullet at 2700 ft/s. Muzzle energy is just over 1900 ft-lbs for both of these loads, but the lighter weight 7 mm bullet has a higher velocity and flatter trajectory.
This fragmentation by blast wave is known as 'scabbing' or 'spalling', with the fragments termed 'scabs or 'spall'. [4] [2]Depending upon the armour thickness, a heavy piece of target material (4 to 10 kg (8.8 to 22.0 lb) for a 120 mm (4.7 in) round used in Arjun MBT [4]) can separate out from the other end of the target with supersonic velocities.
The 5 mm Remington Rimfire Magnum or 5 mm RFM [2] is a bottlenecked rimfire cartridge introduced by Remington Arms Company in 1969. Remington chambered it in a pair of bolt-action rifles, the Model 591 and Model 592, but this ammunition never became very popular, and the rifles were discontinued in 1974. [3]