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The irreducible complex characters of a finite group form a character table which encodes much useful information about the group G in a concise form. Each row is labelled by an irreducible character and the entries in the row are the values of that character on any representative of the respective conjugacy class of G (because characters are class functions).
This lists the character tables for the more common molecular point groups used in the study of molecular symmetry.These tables are based on the group-theoretical treatment of the symmetry operations present in common molecules, and are useful in molecular spectroscopy and quantum chemistry.
The character table does not in general determine the group up to isomorphism: for example, the quaternion group Q and the dihedral group of 8 elements, D 4, have the same character table. Brauer asked whether the character table, together with the knowledge of how the powers of elements of its conjugacy classes are distributed, determines a ...
Hans Bethe used characters of point group operations in his study of ligand field theory in 1929, and Eugene Wigner used group theory to explain the selection rules of atomic spectroscopy. [13] The first character tables were compiled by László Tisza (1933), in connection to vibrational spectra.
In geometry, a point group in three dimensions is an isometry group in three dimensions that leaves the origin fixed, or correspondingly, an isometry group of a sphere.It is a subgroup of the orthogonal group O(3), the group of all isometries that leave the origin fixed, or correspondingly, the group of orthogonal matrices.
In mathematics, a character group is the group of representations of an abelian group by complex-valued functions. These functions can be thought of as one-dimensional matrix representations and so are special cases of the group characters that arise in the related context of character theory .
Each point group can be represented as sets of orthogonal matrices M that transform point x into point y according to y = Mx. Each element of a point group is either a rotation (determinant of M = 1), or it is a reflection or improper rotation (determinant of M = −1). The geometric symmetries of crystals are described by space groups, which ...
Standard representation theory for finite groups has a square character table with row and column orthogonality properties. With a slightly different definition of conjugacy classes and use of the intertwining number, a square character table with similar orthogonality properties also exists for the corepresentations of finite magnetic groups. [2]