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Gongylonema pulchrum is the only parasite of the genus Gongylonema capable of infecting humans. Gongylonema pulchrum infections are due to humans acting as accidental hosts for the parasite. There are seven genera of spirudia nematodes that infect human hosts accidentally: Gnathostoma, Thelazia, Gongylonema, Physaloptera, Spirocerca, Rictularia.
Smoker's melanosis is seen with the naked eye as a brown to black pigmentation of the oral tissue i.e. the gums, [1] cheeks or palate [2] as well as in larynx. [3] [4] It is most often seen in the lower labial gingiva of tobacco users. Most easily it is found in Caucasians, due to their lack of a genetically caused melanin pigmentation. [5] [6]
Nyssa sylvatica, commonly known as tupelo, black tupelo, black gum or sour gum, [2] [a] is a medium-sized deciduous tree native to eastern North America from the coastal Northeastern United States and southern Ontario south to central Florida and eastern Texas, as well as Mexico.
It is a very common oral condition and affects 13% of the world population. It is often due to poor oral hygiene which leads to accumulation of oral bacteria and build up of keratin on the tongue surface. Black hairy tongue can also be associated with the use of certain medications such as antibiotics, prolonged coffee/tea drinking habit, or ...
Porphyria / p ɔːr ˈ f ɪr i ə / is a group of disorders in which substances called porphyrins build up in the body, adversely affecting the skin or nervous system. [1] The types that affect the nervous system are also known as acute porphyria, as symptoms are rapid in onset and short in duration. [1]
It is a very thin, black-blue line visible along the margin of the gums, at the base of the teeth. [1] [2] It is caused by the reaction between circulating lead and sulphur ions produced by oral bacteria, forming deposits of lead sulfide in the gums. [3] The sign was described in 1840 by Henry Burton: [4]
Healthy gums fill and fit each space between the teeth, unlike the swollen gum papilla seen in gingivitis or the empty interdental embrasure seen in periodontal disease. Healthy gums hold tight to each tooth in that the gum surface narrows to "knife-edge" thin at the free gingival margin. On the other hand, inflamed gums have a "puffy" or ...
Usually, bismuth produces a black line, due to bismuth sulfide, along the gums, near the teeth, similar to the Burton's line which can be found in lead poisoning. This is not likely to occur if the gum is edentulous or the gum and the teeth normal. It is more common when gingivitis and carious teeth are present.