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In chemical thermodynamics, an endergonic reaction (from Greek ἔνδον (endon) 'within' and ἔργον (ergon) 'work'; also called a heat absorbing nonspontaneous reaction or an unfavorable reaction) is a chemical reaction in which the standard change in free energy is positive, and an additional driving force is needed to perform this ...
Large particles are more energetically favorable since, continuing with this example, more atoms are bonded to 6 neighbors and fewer atoms are at the unfavorable surface. As the system tries to lower its overall energy, molecules on the surface of a small particle (energetically unfavorable, with only 3 or 4 or 5 bonded neighbors) will tend to ...
A reaction with ∆H°<0 is called exothermic reaction while one with ∆H°>0 is endothermic. Figure 8: Reaction Coordinate Diagrams showing favorable or unfavorable and slow or fast reactions [7] The relative stability of reactant and product does not define the feasibility of any reaction all by itself.
Anabolism usually involves reduction and decreases entropy, making it unfavorable without energy input. [6] The starting materials, called the precursor molecules, are joined using the chemical energy made available from hydrolyzing ATP, reducing the cofactors NAD + , NADP + , and FAD , or performing other favorable side reactions. [ 7 ]
The blue flame sustains itself after the sparks stop because the continued combustion of the flame is now energetically favorable. In the Arrhenius model of reaction rates, activation energy is the minimum amount of energy that must be available to reactants for a chemical reaction to occur. [1]
The principle that biological macromolecules catalyze a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction if and only if a thermodynamically favorable reaction occurs simultaneously, underlies all known forms of life. The transfer of electrons from a donor molecule to an acceptor molecule can be spatially separated into a series of intermediate redox ...
Due to the difficulty of C-C activation, a driving force is required to facilitate the reaction. One common strategy is to form stable metal complexes. One example is reported by Milstein and coworkers, in which the C(sp 2 )–C(sp 3 ) bond of bisphosphine ligands was selectively cleaved by a number of metals to afford stable pincer complexes ...
Much like a compressed spring must be held in place to prevent release of its potential energy, a molecule can be held in an energetically unfavorable conformation by the bonds within that molecule. Without the bonds holding the conformation in place, the strain energy would be released.