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  2. Node (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node_(linguistics)

    Under the minimalist program, syntactic structures are formed by iterative applications of the syntactic operation Merge, which serves to connect two elements into one. [7] To yield a linguistic expression , lexemes are selected out of the lexicon and make a (non-ordered) set of syntactic objects called a lexical array , and a structure is ...

  3. Phrase structure rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase_structure_rules

    Phrase structure rules and the tree structures that are associated with them are a form of immediate constituent analysis. In transformational grammar , systems of phrase structure rules are supplemented by transformation rules, which act on an existing syntactic structure to produce a new one (performing such operations as negation ...

  4. Noun phrase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun_phrase

    A noun phrase – or NP or nominal (phrase) – is a phrase that usually has a noun or pronoun as its head, and has the same grammatical functions as a noun. [1] Noun phrases are very common cross-linguistically, and they may be the most frequently occurring phrase type.

  5. Predicate (grammar) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_(grammar)

    Some theories of syntax adopt a subject-predicate distinction. For instance, a textbook phrase structure grammar typically divides an English declarative sentence (S) into a noun phrase (NP) and verb phrase (VP). [4] The subject NP is shown in green, and the predicate VP in blue.

  6. Text linguistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_linguistics

    Text linguistics is a branch of linguistics that deals with texts as communication systems.Its original aims lay in uncovering and describing text grammars.The application of text linguistics has, however, evolved from this approach to a point in which text is viewed in much broader terms that go beyond a mere extension of traditional grammar towards an entire text.

  7. Heavy NP shift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_NP_shift

    A NP's internal syntactic structure makes it 'complex'. A complex or heavy NP is one with a noun head and a modifying clause. [4] ex: NP[my rich uncle from Detroit] is complex as its noun head my and a modifying clause rich uncle from Detroit. The internal structure is complex enough to be shifted to the right of its canonical position.

  8. Determiner phrase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determiner_phrase

    Although the DP analysis is the dominant view in generative grammar, most other grammar theories reject the idea. For instance, representational phrase structure grammars follow the NP analysis, e.g. Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar, and most dependency grammars such as Meaning-Text Theory, Functional Generative Description, and Lexicase Grammar also assume the traditional NP analysis of ...

  9. Principles and parameters - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principles_and_parameters

    Principles and parameters is a framework within generative linguistics in which the syntax of a natural language is described in accordance with general principles (i.e. abstract rules or grammars) and specific parameters (i.e. markers, switches) that for particular languages are either turned on or off.