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Under visual meteorological conditions, the minimum visual range, distance from clouds, or cloud clearance requirements to be maintained above ground vary by jurisdiction, and may also vary according to the airspace in which the aircraft is operating. [4] In some countries, VFR flight is permitted at night, and is known as night VFR.
VFR / VMC visibility requirements in the US. In aviation, visual meteorological conditions (VMC) is an aviation flight category in which visual flight rules (VFR) flight is permitted—that is, conditions in which pilots have sufficient visibility to fly the aircraft maintaining visual separation from terrain and other aircraft.
Flight under SVFR is only allowed in controlled airspace, and always requires clearance from air traffic control (ATC). [4] It usually happens when the aircraft is inside controlled airspace, and the local weather is less than the minimums required for flight under visual flight rules (VFR) within the airspace in question.
The US rules require the aircraft to be fitted with the instruments required for IFR flight, [3] and student pilots [4] and sport pilots [5] must maintain visual reference with the surface. Other operations (such as commercial, turbine powered, and fractional ownership) include special limitations.
Visual flight or visual attitude flying is the control of an aircraft via outside references (such as the sky or the runway in takeoff). [1] For aircraft, the primary visual reference used is usually the relationship between the aircraft's "nose" or cowling against the natural horizon .
In aviation, instrument flight rules (IFR) is one of two sets of regulations governing all aspects of civil aviation aircraft operations; the other is visual flight rules (VFR). The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration 's (FAA) Instrument Flying Handbook defines IFR as: "Rules and regulations established by the FAA to govern flight under ...
There are three sets of flight rules under which an aircraft can be flown: Visual Flight Rules (VFR) Special Visual Flight Rules (SVFR) Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Public transport flights are almost exclusively operated under IFR, as this set of rules allows flight in regions of low visibility (e.g. cloud).
In aviation, a visual approach is an approach to a runway at an airport conducted under instrument flight rules (IFR) but where the pilot proceeds by visual reference and clear of clouds to the airport. The pilot must at all times have either the airport or the preceding aircraft in sight.
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