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The word giclée was adopted by Jack Duganne around 1990. He was a printmaker working at Nash Editions.He wanted a name for the new type of prints they were producing on a modified Iris printer, a large-format, high-resolution industrial prepress proofing inkjet printer on which the paper receiving the ink is attached to a rotating drum.
In the offset lithography process, the mechanicals would be photographed with a stat camera to create a same-size film negative for each printing plate required. Paste up relied on phototypesetting , a process that would generate "cold type" on photographic paper that usually took the form of long columns of text.
The Iris printer was developed by Iris Graphics, Inc. originally of Stoneham, Massachusetts.Iris was founded in 1984 by two former employees of Applicon, Inc., Dieter Jochimsen and Craig Surprise, who had worked with Professor Helmuth Hertz of Lund University in Sweden, from whom Applicon had licensed the continuous-flow inkjet technology used in an Applicon-manufactured large-format printer.
It is a photo-mechanical process whereby a copper plate is grained (adding a pattern to the plate) and then coated with a light-sensitive gelatin tissue which had been exposed to a film positive, and then etched, resulting in a high quality intaglio plate that can reproduce detailed continuous tones of a photograph.
Photographic printing is the process of producing a final image on paper for viewing, using chemically sensitized paper. The paper is exposed to a photographic negative , a positive transparency (or slide ) , or a digital image file projected using an enlarger or digital exposure unit such as a LightJet or Minilab printer.
Art photography print types refers to the process and paper of how the photograph is printed and developed. C-Print / Chromogenic Print: A C-Print is the traditional way of printing using negatives or slides, an enlarger, and photographic paper—through a process of exposure and emulsive chemical layers. Chromogenic color prints are composed ...
Hand-coloured cabinet photograph (c. 1875) from the State Library of New South Wales. The photograph is mounted to a paper backing sheet and shows evidence of degradation. [30] In the United States, many commercially sold, hand-coloured photographs were packaged and framed for retail sale. [31]
There Coons worked on the many technical problems with scanning and adapting the IRIS printer to fine art printing, including modifying the machines to take heavy paper stock and dealing with the poor fade resistant nature of the inks. [6] These fine art digital prints came to be known by the name "giclée". [7]