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Innocent IV becomes pope. [243] 23 September. Innocent IV issues the papal bull Qui iustis causis authorizing crusades in Prussia and Livonia. [243] 1244. 22 May. The Moors surrender Xativa Castle to James I of Aragon following a five-month siege. The terms of surrender of the Moors were laid out in the subsequent Treaty of Xàtiva. [244] 11 ...
This chronology presents the timeline of the Northern Crusades beginning with the 10th century establishment of Christian churches in northern Europe. These were primarily Christianization campaigns undertaken by the Christian kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden together with the Teutonic Knights, primarily against the pagan Baltic, Finnic and West Slavic peoples around the southern and ...
Post miserabile (Latin: Sadly, after) is an encyclical issued by Pope Innocent III on 15 August 1198 calling for what would subsequently be referred to as the Fourth Crusade. It was Innocent's first crusade bull , although it was not issued in response to any single event, such as setback in the East.
Plaque commemorating the popes buried in St. Peter's Basilica (their names in Latin and the year of their burial). This chronological list of popes of the Catholic Church corresponds to that given in the Annuario Pontificio under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici Romani" (The Roman Supreme Pontiffs), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as antipopes.
Pope Innocent III (Latin: Innocentius III; 22 February 1161 – 16 July 1216), [1] born Lotario dei Conti di Segni (anglicized as Lothar of Segni), was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 January 1198 until his death on 16 July 1216. Pope Innocent was one of the most powerful and influential of the medieval popes.
Pope Celestine III proclaimed a crusade against the Baltic pagans in 1195, which was reiterated by Pope Innocent III, and a crusading expedition led by Meinhard's successor, Bishop Berthold of Hanover, landed in Livonia (part of present-day Latvia, surrounding the Gulf of Riga) in 1198. Although the crusaders won their first battle, Bishop ...
Innocent IV's Crusade against Frederick II. Pope Innocent IV's Crusade against Frederick II (1248). The conflict between the pope and the emperor began with the apostolic letter Ad apostolicae dignitatis apicem in 1245 and was not resolved until Frederick's death in 1250. [288] [289] [290] Crusade against Sicily, The Crusade against Sicily (1248).
Pope Innocent II (Latin: Innocentius II; died 24 September 1143), born Gregorio Papareschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 14 February 1130 to his death in 1143. His election as Pope was controversial, and the first eight years of his reign were marked by a struggle for recognition against the supporters of ...