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A political machine is a party organization that recruits its members by the use of tangible incentives—money, political jobs—and that is characterized by a high degree of leadership control over member activity. Political machines started as grass roots organizations to gain the patronage needed to win the modern election. Having strong ...
Google Translate is a multilingual neural machine translation service developed by Google to translate text, documents and websites from one language into another. It offers a website interface , a mobile app for Android and iOS , as well as an API that helps developers build browser extensions and software applications . [ 3 ]
Political scientist Elmer Schattschneider argued that "at the root of all politics is the universal language of conflict", [27] while for Carl Schmitt the essence of politics is the distinction of 'friend' from 'foe'. [28] This is in direct contrast to the more co-operative views of politics by Aristotle and Crick.
Yandex Translate (Russian: Яндекс Переводчик, romanized: Yandeks Perevodchik) is a web service provided by Yandex, intended for the translation of web pages into another language. The service uses a self-learning statistical machine translation , [ 3 ] developed by Yandex. [ 4 ]
In addition, integration with machine translation has been disabled for all users. [1] Due to a configuration error, [2] between at least 11 December 2015 [3] and 26 July 2016, [4] this tool was using machine translation from the source language to English. The user was then expected to check and fix the translation before publication.
DeepL Translator is a neural machine translation service that was launched in August 2017 and is owned by Cologne-based DeepL SE. The translating system was first developed within Linguee and launched as entity DeepL. It initially offered translations between seven European languages and has since gradually expanded to support 33 languages.
Dilemmas about translation do not have definitive right answers (although there can be unambiguously wrong ones if misreadings of the original are involved). Any translation (except machine translation, a different case) must pass through the mind of a translator, and that mind inevitably contains its own store of perceptions, memories, and values.
Clientelism or client politics is the exchange of goods and services for political support, often involving an implicit or explicit quid-pro-quo. [1] [2] [3] It is closely related to patronage politics and vote buying.