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Ethyltoluenes are prepared by alkylation of toluene with ethylene: CH 3 C 6 H 5 + CH 2 =CH 2 → CH 3 C 6 H 4 CH 2 CH 3. These alkylations are catalyzed by various Lewis acids, such as aluminium trichloride. 3- and 4-Ethyltoluenes are mainly of interest as precursors to methylstyrenes: CH 3 C 6 H 4 CH 2 CH 3 → CH 3 C 6 H 4 CH=CH 2 + H 2
Ethyltoluene is produced by ethylation of toluene: CH 3 C 6 H 5 + C 2 H 4 → CH 3 C 6 H 4 C 2 H 5. Over typical acid catalysts, this process gives a mixture of the 2-, 3-, and 4- isomers. Using a modified zeolite catalyst, the alkylation is shape-selective for the 4- isomer. [1] 4-Ethyltoluene is subjected dehydrogenation to give 4 ...
Toluene is also found in cigarette smoke and car exhaust. If not in contact with air, toluene can remain unchanged in soil or water for a long time. [39] Toluene is a common solvent, e.g. for paints, paint thinners, silicone sealants, [40] many chemical reactants, rubber, printing ink, adhesives (glues), lacquers, leather tanners, and ...
Toluene (or methylbenzene) is a common chemical found in chemistry laboratories. An alkylbenzene is a chemical compound that contains a monocyclic aromatic ring attaching to one or more saturated hydrocarbon chains. [1] Alkylbenzenes are derivatives of benzene, in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl groups.
In the petroleum refining and petrochemical industries, the initialism BTX refers to mixtures of benzene, toluene, and the three xylene isomers, all of which are aromatic hydrocarbons. The xylene isomers are distinguished by the designations ortho – (or o –), meta – (or m –), and para – (or p –) as indicated in the adjacent diagram.
Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula C 2 H 4 or H 2 C=CH 2.It is a colourless, flammable gas with a faint "sweet and musky" odour when pure. [7] It is the simplest alkene (a hydrocarbon with carbon–carbon double bonds).
The numbers are included in the name to avoid ambiguity about the position of the groups, and "tri" indicates that there are three identical methyl groups. If one of the methyl groups attached to the third carbon atom were instead an ethyl group, then the name would be 3-ethyl-2,3-dimethylpentane.
In organic chemistry, the phenyl group, or phenyl ring, is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula C6H5, and is often represented by the symbol Ph (archaically φ) or Ø. The phenyl group is closely related to benzene and can be viewed as a benzene ring, minus a hydrogen, which may be replaced by some other element or compound to serve as a ...