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IBM 407 (left) with IBM 519 (on right). The 407 read punched cards, totaled fields on the cards, made simple decisions, printed results, and, with the aid of a summary punch, output results on punched cards that could be input to other processing steps. The operation of the 407 was directed by the use of a removable control panel and a carriage ...
An operator inserting a control panel into an IBM 407 Accounting Machine [2] Another panel is on the floor nearby. The earliest machines were hardwired for specific applications. Inspired by telephone switchboards , Otto Schäffler invented the plugboard in order to easily reprogram tabulators.
IBM 401: The 401, introduced in 1933, was an early entry in a long series of IBM alphabetic tabulators and accounting machines. It was developed by a team headed by J. R. Peirce and incorporated significant functions and features invented by A. W. Mills, F. J. Furman and E. J. Rabenda. The 401 added at a speed of 150 cards per minute and listed ...
The operation of Hollerith/BTM/IBM/Bull tabulators and many other types of unit record equipment was directed by a control panel. [85] Operation of Powers-Samas/Remington Rand unit record equipment was directed by a connection box. [86] Control panels had a rectangular array of holes called hubs which were organized into groups.
A single program deck, with individual subroutines marked. The markings show the effects of editing, as cards are replaced or reordered. Many early programming languages, including FORTRAN, COBOL and the various IBM assembler languages, used only the first 72 columns of a card – a tradition that traces back to the IBM 711 card reader used on the IBM 704/709/7090/7094 series (especially the ...
The 402 and 403 were primarily controlled by a removable control panel. Additional controls included a carriage control tape and mechanical levers called hammersplits and hammerlocks, that controlled some printing functions. [1] Both the IBM 402 and IBM 403 were considered smaller models of the prior model IBM 405.
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