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  2. Current loop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_loop

    To allow the construction of hybrid systems, where the 420 mA is generated by the controller, but allows the use of pneumatic valves, a range of current to pressure (I to P) converters are available from manufacturers. These are usually local to the control valve and convert 420 mA to 3–15 psi (or 0.2–1.0 bar).

  3. Dennard scaling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennard_scaling

    Fixed voltage scaling was the common scaling regime which ended around 2005 at the "power wall", when it was too difficult to keep the chip cool. Furthermore, at constant supply voltage, the field grows like S 1 {\displaystyle S^{1}} , and the off-current grows exponentially with the field, resulting in high static power consumption since the ...

  4. Current source - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_source

    For example, a 5 V voltage source in series with a 4.7 kΩ resistor will provide an approximately constant current of 1 mA ± 5% to a load resistance in the range of 50 to 450 Ω. A Van de Graaff generator is an example of such a high voltage current source.

  5. Mathematics of three-phase electric power - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_of_three-phase...

    In electrical engineering, three-phase electric power systems have at least three conductors carrying alternating voltages that are offset in time by one-third of the period. A three-phase system may be arranged in delta (∆) or star (Y) (also denoted as wye in some areas, as symbolically it is similar to the letter 'Y').

  6. Orders of magnitude (energy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(energy)

    1.4×10 19 J: Yearly electricity consumption in the U.S. as of 2009 [181] [203] 1.4×10 19 J: Yearly electricity production in the U.S. as of 2009 [204] [205] 5×10 19 J: Energy released in 1 day by an average hurricane in producing rain (400 times greater than the wind energy) [179] 6.4×10 19 J: Yearly electricity consumption of the world as ...

  7. Instrumentation in petrochemical industries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentation_in...

    Sensors may also transmit electrical signals (420mA). Conversion between pneumatic and electrical signals is undertaken by P/I and I/P converters. Control of modern plant is based on a distributed control systems using fieldbus digital protocols.

  8. Orders of magnitude (power) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(power)

    1.00 × 10 4 W eco: average power consumption per person in the United States in 2008 (87,216 kWh/year) 1.4 × 10 4 W tech: average power consumption of an electric car on EPA's Highway test schedule [25] [26] 1.45 × 10 4 W astro: power per square metre received from the Sun at Mercury's orbit at perihelion: 1.6–3.2 × 10 4 W

  9. Per-unit system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-unit_system

    In the power systems analysis field of electrical engineering, a per-unit system is the expression of system quantities as fractions of a defined base unit quantity. . Calculations are simplified because quantities expressed as per-unit do not change when they are referred from one side of a transformer to t