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Botulinum toxin, or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox), is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. [24] It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction , thus causing flaccid paralysis . [ 25 ]
Six of the people who received these fake Botox injections were treated for botulism, which is what happens when botulinum toxin gets into the bloodstream. This potentially deadly disease includes ...
Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxic ingredient used in injections to temporarily freeze facial muscles to prevent the movements and expressions that exacerbate wrinkles. ... and deep forehead wrinkles ...
Botox (a.k.a. Botulinum toxin type A), known as a neuromodulator, “is a protein that is extracted from a bacteria that previously caused paralysis,” explains Karan Lal, D.O., M.S., F.A.A.D ...
Botulinum toxin could be used to relax the corrugator and procerus muscles, orbicularis oculi, and the frontalis muscle to relieve glabellar lines (frown lines), lateral canthal lines (Crow's feet) and forehead lines respectively. [21] Face lift (Rhytidectomy) with temporal incision behind the hairline.
Along with some strains of Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium baratii, these bacteria all produce the toxin. [2] Botulinum toxin can cause botulism, a severe flaccid paralytic disease in humans and other animals, [3] and is the most potent toxin known to science, natural or synthetic, with a lethal dose of 1.3–2.1 ng/kg in humans. [4] [5]
In August 2016, researchers at the Instituto de Assistência dos Servidores do Estado do Rio de Janeiro used botulinum toxin as a method to block the acetylcholine release from the presynaptic neurons. Although they have seen a reduction in one sided flushing, sweating still occurs. [13]
Botox is also used after some forehead lift procedures to increase the effects of the surgeries. [2] Endoscopic surgery is often employed in forehead lifts. [3] An endoscope is a surgical system with thin, pencil-sized arms that are inserted through three to five incisions about 3/8 of an inch long.