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Discoloration of the front teeth is one of the most common reasons people seek dental care. [10] However, many people with teeth of normal shade ask for them to be whitened. [10] Management of tooth discoloration depends on the cause. Most discoloration is harmless and may or may not be of cosmetic concern to the individual.
It appears as a range of visual changes in enamel [4] causing degrees of intrinsic tooth discoloration, and, in some cases, physical damage to the teeth. The severity of the condition is dependent on the dose, duration, and age of the individual during the exposure. [1]
Tooth whitening or tooth bleaching is the process of lightening the colour of human teeth. [1] Whitening is often desirable when teeth become yellowed over time for a number of reasons, and can be achieved by changing the intrinsic or extrinsic colour of the tooth enamel. [2]
As of 2024, the prevalence of pathology reaches over 90%. In patients aged 20 years, an average of 4 intact teeth with enamel cracks are identified. Before 30 years of age, this rate increases 3 times and after 45-50 years of age it is 100%. In 60% of cases there are single fissures, multiple fissures are found in 40% of examined patients.
Discolored teeth. Discoloration of teeth may result from bacteria stains, tobacco, tea, coffee, foods with an abundance of chlorophyll, restorative materials, and medications. [69] Stains from bacteria may cause colors varying from green to black to orange. Green stains also result from foods with chlorophyll or excessive exposure to copper or ...
Teeth should be clean with no decay, white with shiny enamel and smooth surfaces and edges. Adults should have a total of 32 teeth (16 teeth in each arch). By the age of 2 + 1 ⁄ 2, children have a total of 20 deciduous teeth (10 in each arch). Abnormal findings are missing, loose, broken and misaligned teeth.
The patients' age is not a limiting factor for the enamel microabrasion technique but in cases of not fully erupted teeth, it may be difficult to place rubber dam for the microabrasion process [8] Microabrasion is not indicated when discoloration is located in dentin such as in dentigenous imperfecta or tetracycline discoloration.
This condition can cause teeth to be discolored (most often a blue-gray or yellow-brown color) and translucent, giving teeth an opalescent sheen. [2] [3] [8] [5] [9] Teeth are also weaker than normal, making them prone to rapid wear, breakage, and loss.
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